Karga otu (Lysimachia vulgaris L.) bitkisinin doku kültürü, biyolojik aktiviteleri ve uçucu yağ analizi

Lysimachia vulgaris L. (Yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in traditional medicine. It has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and anti-inflammatory activity. A reliable an in vitro culture protocol for yellow loosestrife was established. Explants (leaf, stem and root segments) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog minimal organics (MSMO) medium with various plant growth regulator combinations. Of the tested combinations, those that involved BA with either IAA or IBA were the most effective for all used explants in shoot production. Best shoot proliferation was obtained from leaf explant cultured on media containing 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/l IBA, from stem explant cultured on media containing 1 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l IBA or 0.01 mg/l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l IAA, and from root explant cultured on media containing 0.5 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MSMO medium containing different concentrations of IAA, IBA, 2,4-D and NAA. IBA was determined as the most effective auxin for rooting. Most shoots developed roots on medium with 0.5 mg/l IBA. After rooting, plantlets were transferred to Magenta containers including vermiculate for acclimatization. After 3 weeks, they were transferred to soil for hardening. Essential oil analyses were also conducted with in vitro-grown and field-grown plant materials of L. vulgaris. Moreover, three different bioassays (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) were performed to show the biological activities of yellow loosestrife extracts. Field-grown and in vitro-grown plants parts were extracted with water, ethanol and acetone and their biological activities were evaluated. For antibacterial test, disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and 10 different pathogenic bacteria were used. Generally, yellow loosestrife extracts showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidemidis and Streptococcus pyogenes). Strong antitumor activity of yellow loosestrife was observed via potato disc diffusion bioassay. Furthermore, the free radical scavenging potency of L. vulgaris extracts was determined with DPPH method. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of yellow loosestrife extracts were also investigated.Keywords: Lysimachia vulgaris, yellow loosestrife, in vitro culture, auxine, cytokinin, antibacterial, antitumor, essential oil, GC-MS, antioxidant, DPPH method, Folin-Ciocalteau method, Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric assay