Physico-chemical and palynologycal investigation of Kastamonu region honey

The aim of this study is to determine the pollen sources that are benefited by honey bees (Apis melifera L.) by doing melissopalinological analyzes of 33 honey samples taken in 2017 and 2018 from Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu's towns where are located in Turkey's Black Sea Region. As a result of melissopalinological analysis of each honey sample taken; total number of pollens, % amount of pollens, floristic structures of pollens, the level of pollens in honey (Dominant, Secondary, Minor and Trace) and which pollen belong to which taxo n, and was tried to be determined. In order to determine the physicochemical properties of honey, phenolic substance determination, determination of volatile components, fructose and glucose ratio and content of HMF of honey samples were tried to be determined by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Device (HPLC) and High Performance Gas Chromatography Device (GC/MS). As a result of the melissopalinological analysis, Total 49 pollen taxon was identified that are 18 at the level of families, and 31 at the level of genus. As a result of the melissopalinological analysis of Kastamonu's honey, the most common taxa of pollen benefited by honey bees is Castanea sativa that is one of the natural plants of the region. Other identified pollens belong to the following families and genuses: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Cistaceae, Fagaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae,familyaları, Rumex sp., Trifolium sp., Teucrium sp., Echium sp., Onobrychis sp. and Lathyrus sp.,'dir. As a result of melissopalinological analysis 14 honey samples have been identified as monofloral (K1-K31 Onobrychis sp., K30-Myrtaceae, K8 Fabaceae balı, K13 Trifolium sp., K4-K5-K6-K7-K8-K14-K15-K16-K17 Chestnut sp., and 19 (K2-K3-K9-K10-K11-K12-K19-K20-K21-K22-K23-K24-K25-K26-K28-K29-K32-K33) honey samples have been identified as multiflora. TPS 10 results of honey samples ranged between 1051 and 325108. 33 honey samples are grouped according to TPS 10 results and 1 of them is found less than 2 000 (Small), 13 of them are found between 2 000 and 10 000 (Normal), 6 of them are found between 10 000 and 50 000 (Rich), 7 of them are found between 50 000 and 100 000 (Very rich) and 6 of them are found greater than 100 000) (Mega rich).