The pharmaceutical botanical investigations on the species acanthoprasium integrifolium (BENTH.) ryding and ballota nigra subsp ruderalis (SW.) briq. growing in cyprus

In this study, Ballota nigra subsp. ruderalis subspecies and Acanthoprasium integrifolium endemic species growing in Cyprus (Lamiaceae) are investigated in aspects of pharmaceutical botany, morphological, anatomical, trichomes, palynological and chemical (essential oil, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds) characteristics of these species presented in detail. Morphological studies have given detailed descriptions of the species, supported by drawings and photographs. Detailed examination was made in SEM for trichomes morphology, and the structure and distribution of the trichomes in vegetative and generative organs were given. In anatomic studies, cross-section from the stem and transverse and superficial sections from the leaf were taken and anatomical structures were illuminated. In the palynological studies, samples were photographed on SEM and their palynological properties were determined. In chemical studies, essential oils of the species were analyzed by GC and GC/MS method. Bicyclogermacrene (16,3%), β-caryophyllene (15,0%) and germacrene D (8,4%) for A. integrifolium, germacrene D (16,7%), (Z)-β-farnesene (16,6%) and β-caryophyllene (15,7%) for B. nigra subsp. ruderalis were found as the main components. In addition, of the species 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil radical (DPPH●) scavenging effect determination and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS●+) scavenging effect, antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were investigated. According to chemical results, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic substance amount of A. integrifolium is more than B. nigra subsp. ruderalis. Keywords: Acanthoprasium integrifolium, Ballota nigra subsp. ruderalis, Morphology, Anatomy, Chemical.