The relationship of component resolved diagnosis with airway inflammatory in children with cat allergy

INTRODUCTION: Cat allergy is a very common and increasing frequency in the world. Sensitivity to cat allergens is an important factor in the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Molecular cat allergens (Feld1 to Feld8) can be measured by the component resolved diagnosis and Feld1 is indicated as the major cat allergen. Antibody levels against Feld1 are increased, especially in asthma patients. The most important cytokines, which are among the main markers of allergic inflammation in the respiratory tract, are IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. These can be measured in exhaled breath condansate. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between molecular cat allergen and allergic inflammation in the respiratory tract of children with cat allergy. MATERIAL/METHOS: Patients between the ages of 4-17, who were found to have only cat allergen sensitivity by skin prick test, between June 2020 and June 2022 in Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital Pediatric Allergy Immunology Polyclinic and Pediatric Chest Diseases Polyclinic were included in the study. The data were recorded at the time of application. Scoring using the GINA guideline and TNSS scores of the patients according to their admission diagnosis were recorded. On the same day, blood sample and EBC sampling were taken to evaluate Feld1 antibody, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels. Jamovi 2.3.21 was used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients included in the study, 40 (50%) were boys and 40 (50%) were girls. The mean age of the patients was 12.1 ± 2.78 years, and the age of inclusion in the study was 11.2 ± 2.64 years. Antibody positivity against Feld1 was observed in 73.8% of the patients. The fact that 52.5% had asthma at presentation showed that Feld1 was directly proportional to asthma. Feld1 positivity was found to be higher with 62.7% in those with a family history of allergic disease. It was determined that having a cat in the house was directly proportional to Feld1 exposure and asthma. Cat contacts outside the home were found to be directly related to Feld1 positivity (p<0.05). Asthma severity and Feld1 positivity rate were found to be directly proportional. (p<0.05). It was observed that inflammation in the respiratory tract and Feld1 positivity were not associated. CONCLUSION: In our study, it was observed that the positivity of Feld1 antibody was high in children with cat allergy. At the same time, it has been seen that Feld1 positivity can be used to predict the severity of the asthma clinic. The presence of an allergic disease in the family and the high rate of Feld1 positivity in children with cat allergy can be considered as risk factors for the clinic of asthma. Inflammation in the airways was not found to be associated with molecular cat allergens.