Investigation of some glass finds uncovered in Kelenderis (2000-2006) archaeological excavations by archaeometric methods

This master thesis include archaeometric analysis of 41 amorphous glass finds come from Odeion of Kelenderis Ancient City excavation carriedout between 2000-2006 and located at Mersin Province Aydıncık District. Portable X Ray Florescence Spectrometer (P-XRF), poloriazed energy scattering X Ray florescence (PED-XRF) and Scanning Electron Moicroscopy were used to determine chemical compositon of ancient glass. The high amount of SiO2 which is basic substance in the glass making to unifying substance put out that mechanical resistance, durability and melting point of glass are high. The difference of the Al2O3 ratios and its avarages is results of using different silica source that is indicating quartz sand usage. SPSS dendrogram results revealed 5 different groups dependindg to forming elements of main substance (Na2O, Al2O3, SiO2, K2O, CaO). Analysis results proved that most of the glass are soda-lime-silica glasses. Absance or low level of potassium content in the samples indicate that plant ash was not used as flux. However KL 3a and KL-29 samples include high level potassium which is result of plant ash usage. The glass sample coded KL-27 is a glass slag. The strontium (Sr) and zirconium (Zr) contents of the samples suggest that they were produced from marine raw materials, that is, sea sand, as a source of silica in production of the samples. Colors of the samples were determined by Chromametric Analysis. Glass coloring elements were determined as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb). In SEM images, on the other hand, it indicates that the technique of casting or blowing a mold is used. In the results of SEM-EDX analysis, it was determined that the deterioration layer was caused by the marine effect. It was determined that the P-XRF results which is less reliable in the glass analysis comparing to other techniques used, are proportional to other analysis result and supported each other. Keywords: Archaeometry, glass, Kelenderis Ancient City, P-XRF, PED-XRF, SEM-EDX