The effects of chemotheraphy in rat lung tissue levels of structural analysis

The chemotheuropathic medicines which become used at cancer cure toxic effects is known. One of these chemotheuropathics ?cyclophosphamide- in lungs, alveolar levels of pneumonia, type 1 pneumocyte cell damage, abnormal type 2 cell formation, fibrosis and alveolar flexibility has led to corruption. The pre-treatment with antioxidants prevent damage from drug use can be long.In our study, we aimed to immunohistochemically and electronmicroscobically evaluate the possible antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid, ? -tocopherol and selenium, on the degenerative effects of cyclophosphamide on normal lung tissue. To this end, we used AT1 and PCNA as injury and developmental signal molecules; caspase-8 and caspase-9 as apoptotic signal molecules.Following cyclophosphamide application, we observed, an increase in PCNA immunoreaction in epithelium, alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and connective tissue, in AT1 immunreaction in bronchus, alveolar and vascular endothelium, in caspase-8 and caspase-9 immunreaction in smooth muscle cells, the alveolar wall and lymphocytes when compared to control group. In ? -tocopherol group; in bronchiolus epithelium, endotel cell nucleus and lymphocytes had showed a strong immunpositive reaction in PCNA analysis. AT1, caspase-8 and caspase-9 immunreactions were similiar to the control group. In ascorbic acid group we observed a decrease in PCNA immunreactivity. Following cyclophosphamide and selenium application, we determined a decrease in PCNA and AT1 immunreactivity when compared to cyclophosphamide group. Conversely in both cyclophosphamide and antioxidant treated group, results showed similarty with the cyclophosphamide group.Following electronmicroscobic examinations, we observed vacuolization in type 2 alveolar cell cytoplasma and mitochondrions, crystolysis, disorder of lamellar formation and being prepared to apoptosis. Following ? -tocopherol application evidences showed that mitochondrions, cytoplasma and lamellar bodies were partially normal when compared to cyclophosphamide group. But other groups were similiar to the cyclophosphamide group.According to the findings obtained in our study, rats received chemotherapy during the implementation of the antioxidant ?only ? -tocopherol- can be repressed or degraded of tissue injury and may return degenerative changes.