Determination of essential fatty acids of hemp seed oil and investigation of its anticarcinogenic property on lung cancer cell in vitro

Hemp (Cannabis) is the first cultivated plant, the homeland of which is known as Central Asia. It is recognized as an industrial plant, as all parts of the plant provide ease of use. The seed part, known as the fruit of hemp, is considered a "superfood". It has a high content of fats (35.5%), carbohydrates (27.6%) and proteins (24.8%). Oils with a ratio of 35.5% are most often obtained by pressing. The content of hemp seed oil includes fatty acids (FA), proteins rich in essential amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins (E, C, B1, B2, B3, B6) and minerals (P, K, Mg, S, Ca, Fe, Zn). Hemp seed oil is very valuable for its content of essential fatty acids and amino acids. Seed oil, essential fatty acids (EFA) are known as polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (omega (ω) 3) and α-linolenic acid (omega (ω) 6) the ratio (3:1) are there. Thanks to the fatty acid contained in hemp seed oil, it is possible to treat various metabolic diseases (cancer, neurological disorder, eye functions, cardiology, etc.) provides facilities for treatment. In this study, hemp seed oil was obtained from hemp seed by cold pressing method. The obtained pure oil was treated with 10 ml of n-hexane and 0.5 ml of 2 N methanol-containing KOH solution, and the essential fatty acids in its content were determined by GC-chromatogram of the methyl ester-derived oil we obtained. As a result of the hemp seed oil sample we have, 19 fatty acids have been determined compared to the reference points specified in the "Supelco Fame mix 37" standard. In the results obtained in the analysis, the highest ratios of fatty acids, respectively; linoleic acid (LA) was 55.70%, α-linolenic acid (ALA) was 18.19%, oleic acid was 14.12%, palmitic acid was 6.49% and stearic acid was 2.79%, while other fatty acids remained below 0.75%. Of these fatty acids, LA and ALA are known to regulate cell growth, have anticancer effects such as lipid peroxidation, cell proliferation, and drift to apoptosis, and oleic acid is known to reduce the incidence of cancer. In addition, the effect of hemp seed oil on lung cancer cells (A549) and healthy lung cells (BEAS-2B) was investigated in the study. A549 and BEAS-2B cells were kept in culture bottles in the incubator until they reached the appropriate density in the medium. After the cells in the culture bottle reached their proper density, the results were examined by exposing them to different oil concentrations (1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml) in 96-well plates. A significant decrease in the proliferation of A549 and BEAS-2B cells was observed when the plaques read in the plaque reader were compared with the control groups. As a result of the statistical test conducted to determine that there was a significant decrease in this value, it was found that p<0.05 was found at all concentrations applied to A549 cells and was considered significant. The decrease in cell proliferation, apoptosis inuklenme also for analyzing flow cytometry (flow meter) cell line A549 in the method 10 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL to the concentration of oil was applied, and the cell viability ratio is the lowest concentration of 25 mg/ml (% 60,65) has been. As a result of the analysis, when looking at the results of the flow cytometric graph, it was found that hemp seed oil leads cancer cells to apoptosis. Based on these results, the content of 19 essential fatty acids in the hemp seed oil was determined and it was found that hemp seed oil reduces the cell proliferation of lung cancer cells and causes cell lines to apoptosis, that is, has an anticarcinogenic effect.