Possible effects of mass transportation on savings in energy

162 ABSTRACT City centers create a special effect area in social, cultural and economic fields. Such areas comprise the fields of economics, technical, cultural, educational and recreational requirements of the population living there. Due to the increase in population density, in-city transportation has become a problem with the development of larger cities. The structural changes of the cities can be explained due to the interaction with industry and rapid developments in city transportation methods. Advances in automotive technology, resulting from industrialization, has resulted in the inclusion of automobiles in city life, thus creating problems in-city transportation, congestion and enviromental conditions.Thus a study has become necessary for the application of mass- transportation policy in cities. It has been ascertained that mass transportation policies which has a long history with developed nations, is only a recent development in our country. Considering the fact that even countries with no energy problem have established mass transportation systems, an analysis has to be carried out to indicate the importance of mass transportation, based on electrical energy for Turkey which may face a petroleum shortage with in the next few years. It has been expounded that Turkey's energy problem can be solved by the adjustments to the -present in-city transportation, in addition with the application of the MAED(Model for Analysis of Energy Demand) Which is a long ranger general energy demand model for the general policy connected with electrical energy. Additionally, it has been reguired that in order to reach the level of highly developed countries, our country, where the energy production is insufficient, can reach new methods where energy can be conserverd in the most effective way by the application of mass transportation policy as put forward in the program of The State Planning Department.163 In addition to the general description of mass transportation in this work, the effects of energy saving resulting there from is emphasized, considering the bottleneck in energy sources. Viewing the utilization of energy on a much smaller scale, the calculation of the cost of energy for intercity mass transportation for Ankara is considered and emphasis is placed on the economical saving by the use of mass transit sytems.