The rhtym of city and public space with metro stations

Throughout the history of urbanism mobility have been always important for the people. Due to the limited time effect of urban life the mobility accelerated. The transportation vehicles gained importance with the concept of speed and the city took shape in this network of transportation. Hence it is not possible to consider the public spaces that have existed since the beginning of urbanization independent from the transportation network. The public area borders that are affected by the every motion in the city is in a constant transformation according to the relations people establish with space in metropolis. Therefore the relation of public area and transportation network is vital for the urban rhythm and new space formations. The rhythms formed by the speed of the constantly developing urban changes and the intersections of these rhythms create new spatial relations. The spatial relations' supportiveness of social relations and the frequent need of moving from one place to another originated by the social relations constantly change the rhythm of the city. Under these circumstances the urban rhythm and formation are in a mutual interaction. Because of the need for speed, the rail transportation either has been placed at the points where the movement is concentrated in the city centers or has created new attraction points at where they are positioned. The city has become speed dependent and is expanding according to the transportation network. Due to the relocation of the transportation under ground and increasing importance of speed, the metros has created a new encounter area in the city. The metro lines, has become a practical transportation first for low class, then middle class users in the city and today everyone in a metropolis. The metro stations shape the transportation by affecting the city flow while transforms the city rhythm by orienting it to different levels. This multi-layered encounters and the rhythm created by the speed extends the definition of public space. While the city works like a machine, it also conceives different space definitions and forms of publicity through the various vertical and horizontal relations it establishes and momentary encounters. In this context, the reshaping of public area by the urban rhythm that has been transformed by the dominancy of speed in city is being questioned. The vertical and horizontal relations occurred by the intersection of transportation facilities and public spaces have begun to transform this publicity. In the first section the history process of the formation of city and the effects of the speed in this process have been investigated. The relation of the speed with the first settlements and the process of change caused by the developing speed with technology in the urban rhythm are urged upon. The new potentials that are possesed by the new urban rhythm which is created by speed is questioned through the examination of the reshaping of urban form by the transportation networks required by the speed and the utopias established upon the urban rhythm. In the second section the transformation of the definition of public space through the history is researched. The concept of public space has constantly changed with economical and political developments and it has dissolved in the city by expanding its borders. The relation of these areas with changing city rhythm due to the speed and publicity of encounter points is being examined. These examinations conducted on pedestrian movements and the spaces created by transportation networks in the city. In the third section the factors that are defining the changing publicity of the metro stations related to the rhythm. The locations of the stations and spatial potentials are examined as the determinants of rhythm in the metro stations. As a result of these examinations the importance of the quality, circulation and section relations and enhancement with different programs along with the location of the stations is asserted. Depending on having these determinants in the same station, the production of public areas as a result of intersection of different rhythms are being investigated in the fourth section. The metro stations case of producing new public areas or expanding the existing one by articulating to it is presented by grounding the conditions on the possibility of encounter of different rhythms and evaluated through the stations where the most dense public relation occurs on Istanbul M2 line. Finally, the production of space occurred as a result of the differentiation of programs and spatial qualities of the new rhythm of the city brought by the metro stations and their re-encounter in station is presented. In the thesis the aim is to constantly re-question the investigated relation of the public space and rhythm through examples to construct a new perspective on design and usage process of metro stations and the intersection points. The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of the metro stations in the production of public areas by the urban rhythm. The metro stations are encounter areas that embody many rhythms. They carry out the mission of transforming and adopting these rhythms into the city. In the work, it is proposed that as a result of many encounters of the new urban rhythms produced by the metro stations, which are examined through the dynamic affects inside the urban cycle and new daily life practices, creates new public spaces.