A dynamic airspace model for urban air traffic control

The rapid growth of urban populations and the limitations of ground transportation highlight the need for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) as an alternative solution. This study aims to develop a dynamic airspace management model that ensures safe and efficient urban flight operations. The proposed model is based on a multi-layered, tube-shaped air corridor structure designed to minimize risks arising from both static obstacles and potential conflicts between aerial vehicles. The applicability of the model was tested using two approaches: (i) theoretical risk analysis through the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) methodology adopted by EASA, and (ii) comparative evaluation in a Unity-based simulation environment against a conventional single-layer model. Findings demonstrate that the dynamic model provides better compliance with SORA criteria and significantly reduces high-risk encounters below 5 meters. In conclusion, this study introduces an innovative framework that contributes to safer traffic management in urban airspace and represents a valuable step toward the secure integration of UAM in densely populated cities.