Complaining institutions of Ottoman state organization in the Classic Period

The Ottoman Empire, used the complaint mechanism as the most basic tool in the provision of justice in order to protect the people from the injustices, oppression and persecution that the people would be exposed to by the ruling section. In order to better understand the Classical Period state structure of the Ottoman Empire and to understand how the mechanism for the supervision of the rulers of the state works, it has been worth examining the complaint institutions. The Ottoman, State took many administrative, political and judicial institutions. from the tradition of the Turkish-Islamic state before it at the stage of its foundation. However, it is not preferred that the complaint institutions be taken directly from this tradition and a more comprehensive mechanism has been established. In the Ottoman Empire, granting the right to complain to subjects in order to ensure justice and the use of this right in the bureaucracy have created a culture of complaint and paved the way for the effective use of this right at the social level. As a reference point of the complaint culture, the Ottoman Empire's understanding of the rule of law has been. Based on this, the study primarily focused on the classical period of the Ottoman Empire, how the right to complain was used in previous periods, and the complaint institutions of the classical period. Following this, the complaint institutions and the bureaucracy pillar were examined and the extent to which the society used this right effectively was examined. Finally, the social behavior pattern was discussed and it was revealed which cases were examined in which complaint authorities during the periods when the society and complaint culture were effectively experienced. In this context, the examination of how the Classical Period complaint institutions of the Ottoman Empire functioned, under what conditions the people could transmit their complaints to where, and the most important complaint institutions, the Court-i Humayun, were carried out.