Parameter and power consumption estimation of residential loads

Energy distribution systems are available to meet the needs of their customers. Therefore, it is very important to know the behavior of loads. It is known that loads are sensitive to voltage values and the importance of this sensitivity should be evaluated. The ideal solution to this problem is to obtain an accurate load modeling. The polynomial load model (ZIP) is a well-known model and represents the relationship between active and reactive power as a function of applied voltage. Thanks to the developing technology, the performance of electrical devices has also changed. With this change, it is necessary to examine and update the load models of the devices. In this study, the suitability of the polynomial and exponential load models on the electrical devices used in homes was examined and the coefficients of the load models were obtained as a result of the experiments. Voltage, current, power and power factor parameters were measured using the PZEM-004T module. This module has been preferred because it is both easy and economical to use. The parameters measured with this module were sent to the computer with Arduino Uno and the coefficients of these two load models were calculated in MATLAB. The coefficients of the polynomial and exponential load model were obtained using the Least Squares method and the interior point method. The estimated power consumption was calculated with the coefficients of the polynomial load model. The polynomial load model coefficients obtained from the voltage and power data of all devices operated at the mains voltage were reduced with the help of variac, and the power values to be consumed by all devices were calculated. First of all, the situations of individual use of these devices and then the situations of use together were examined. In the case of individual use; The ZIP and exponential load model obtained with the coefficients for the incandescent lamp and vacuum cleaner are very close to the real load model thanks to the measurements. The ZIP and exponential load model obtained for the LED lamp, on the other hand, gives results close to the real power values around the nominal voltage. In the estimated power consumption based on the ZIP load model coefficients in individual use, the active and reactive estimated power consumption for the incandescent lamp is close to the measurement results; The active and reactive estimated power consumption of the LED lamp is above the measurement results; It was found to be above the measurement results in the LCD monitor and close to the measurement results of the estimated power consumption in the vacuum cleaner. Secondly, the use of devices together, that is, their parallel connection, is examined. Accordingly, as the first case, when the incandescent lamp and the LED lamp work together, the ZIP load model is close to the measurement results compared to the exponential model; as the second case, when the incandescent lamp, LED lamp and LCD monitor work together, it gives results similar to the first case; As the third case, when incandescent lamp, LED lamp, LCD monitor and vacuum cleaner work together, xxiv both models are found to be close to real results. In the estimated power consumption based on the ZIP load model coefficients in use together, results close to the actual results were found for active power.