The influence of Toledo School of Translators on Europe in terms of translation in intercultural relations

The aim of this study is to explain the foundation and the way of working of Toledo School of Translators, the translators and their works and the importance of this school in terms of intercultural relations by studying Avicenna's Canon (el-Kânûn fi't-Tıb), translated by Gerardo of Cremona, Algazal's Summa theoricae philosophiae (Makâsidü'l-Felâsife), translated by Dominicus Gundissalvo, and Rhazes's Liber ad Almansorem (et-Tıbbu'l-Mansûri), translated by Gerardo of Cremona. In the study, the foundation of Toledo School of Translators, the way of translation at this school, the political and social structure of that period, the historical figures who had influence on the foundation of the school were explained and the translators and their works were examined in terms of Antony Pyms's translation history approach and the influence of this school on Europe was examined through three important works in terms of translation: Avicenna's Canon, Algazael's Summa theoricae philosphiae and Rhazes's Liber ad Almansorem. In addition, the books were examined in terms of paratexts and their functions according to Gerard Genette's criteria explained in his book Thresholds: Paratexts of Interpretation so that they could be understood better. The influence of Toledo School of Translators on Europe in intercultural relations was examined in terms of Martin and Nakayama's dialectic approach based on functional, interpretative and critical approaches for intercultural communication. The study showed that Avicenna's Canon, translated by Gerardo of Cremona into Latin, influenced the West for centuries and it was used at different universities in the Middle Ages as a coursebook and examined by scholars and it is still an important research object for scholars. It was also found, in the study, that Algazal's Summa theoricae philosophiae, translated into Latin by Dominicus Gundissalvo, influenced the West, it helped scholars in the Middle ages to understand Aristoteles better and it was accepted as a coursebook at Western universities, and that Rhazes's Liber ad Almansorem, translated by Gerardo of Cremona, influenced the West and it was used as a coursebook at Western universities in the Middle Ages and it became an important research object for scholars.