منهج القرآن الكريم في الحِجاج: دراسة تطبيقية على قضية البعث في السور المكية

This study explores the Qur'ānic method of argumentation (ḥijāj), focusing particularly on the doctrine of resurrection (baʿth) within the Meccan sūrahs as a case study. The research is grounded in the central hypothesis that the Qur'ān employs a unique, systematic, and coherent argumentative approach to establish theological truths. The theme of resurrection was selected due to its theological centrality and its prominence within Meccan discourse, where the Qur'ān confronted polytheistic denial of life after death. Adopting the thematic exegesis framework (al-tafsīr al-mawḍūʿī), the study systematically gathers relevant Qur'ānic verses and analyzes them within a unified thematic and semantic structure, adhering to principles of Qur'ānic exegesis (ʿilm uṣūl al-tafsīr). From a comprehensive collection of almost 82 Meccan verses addressing resurrection, the research identifies a representative sample of 20 Qur'ānic passages that clearly illustrate significant patterns of Qur'ānic argumentation. The study employs an inductive-analytical methodology, beginning with meticulous textual collection and categorization, followed by detailed contextual analysis. It intentionally avoids external interpretive frameworks, focusing exclusively on the internal coherence of Qur'ānic discourse. The analysis reveals a diverse array of Qur'ānic argumentative techniques, encompassing rational and demonstrative methods—such as analogical reasoning, inferences drawn from initial creation, and references to observable cosmic phenomena—as well as emotive and rhetorical strategies, including interrogative argumentation, vivid analogies, direct dialogues with skeptics, and compelling imagery depicting the Day of Resurrection. The research highlights that Qur'ānic argumentation transcends mere rhetorical debate, forming instead a distinctive, divinely guided epistemological framework that seamlessly integrates intellectual rigor with emotional impact. This approach is characterized by wisdom, gradual progression, and careful consideration of the addressee's context, effectively establishing conviction, addressing doubts, and fulfilling the Qur'ānic objectives of guidance and spiritual reform. Ultimately, this study seeks to articulate foundational "Qur'ānic principles of argumentation," demonstrating their potential for enriching contemporary intellectual and daʿwah discourses. By highlighting the Qur'ān's argumentative authenticity, uniqueness, coherence, and depth, this research contributes meaningfully to the advancement of thematic exegesis and the broader field of Qur'ānic studies.