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Tümünü GörTurkey labour market: Real-time data collection and insights
Still there is a conventional approach to collect data on dynamics of the labour market such as salaries variation, supply and demand, mobility or insights of educational needs and knowledge workers. This traditional method of survey analysis is not sufficient and can mislead the reality as we are in an era of exponentially increasing data. The main contribution of this thesis aims to propose methodology of data collection in real time, data patterns and architecture to deal with day-to-day labour market variation in Turkey. During 1 year of regular data collection, 314,000 open job positions in 2760 different occupations are classified in terms of pay gap, education surplus and shortage, and velocity of market. The results shows that Turkey's labour market undergoes an increasing shift specially after the Covid-19 effect in terms of skilled based economy, digital transformation, and payroll distribution index in the upcoming years.
Education expenditure and economic growth nexus: Evidence from the MINT
The MINT - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey - are from the countries projected to attain a significant level of economic success in the years to come. As a result of the demographic and geographic characteristics of these countries, they have the potential to push their economies to a globally competitive standard that is suitable for rapid economic development and advancement. From the prerequisites for the actualisation of such standard is the improvement in the quality of labour and deliberate investment in human capital through education. This study examines the viability of such prospects for the MINT by investigating education expenditure and economic growth relationship in the MINT. Through the use of a panel data set ranging from the year 1994 to the year 2020, the study utilises panel Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) methods to examine the impact of education expenditure on growth in the MINT, and the finding from the study shows that there is a long-run relationship between education expenditure and economic growth. Expenditure on education positively affects economic growth in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey. More specifically, according to findings in this study, it is observed that a unit increase in the percentage of education expenditure will result in a 3 - 4 per cent increase in economic growth in the MINT. Labour also significantly impacts economic growth in the MINT. The results for the countries imply that expenditure on education and human capital should be encouraged, as evidence from this study conforms to findings from the literature.
Investigating the efficiency of airline stock returns in Turkey
Do stock prices reflect all information in the market as the efficient market theory states? Or are there some economic factors that significantly determine stock prices? This empirical study examines the efficient market theory in the airline industry in Turkey. Using daily data of Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines stock prices, and Turkish lira exchange rates from Yahoo Finance, we employed a series of parsimonious GARCH (1;1) models to examine whether exchange rates have significant deterministic effects on Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines' stock returns. We also designed distinct GARCH models including daily, monthly and quarterly dummy variables to test for the existence of calendar anomalies. Our empirical findings indicate that exchange rates significantly affect the mean stock returns and their volatilities. Our calendar anomaly analysis also indicates that different days, months and quarters have significantly different impacts on the mean and volatility of stock returns, thereby corroborating the key finding that Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines' stock returns are not efficient.
A comparative study of Al-Ghazali's and Sheldon Wolin's political thought
Chaos, disorder, and uncertainty are self-evident in the manifested inward and outward reality of the day and age, which we vividly experience. Politics, namely the will to power, has become in the metaphysical realm as universal, essential, triumphant and fortified and metaphysical realities, namely the seeking of the truth and the examination of the mysteries of existence are camouflaged with commodity, use-value, and particular blind following of craving desires under the pestilential winds of the pursuit of political power. In turn, the realm of the intelligible, namely knowledge, wisdom, justice and human virtues, has become only a footnote to the political discussion. Under such conditions, instead of metaphysics, politics and its politicking element permeates everything starting from the street and day to day conversations to the intellectual and academic fields, including science, history, philosophy, and artistic work. At such terms of the current circumstances of reality, politics is the means and the end in and of itself. Following the preceding examination, I shall dedicate this scholarly writing with the aim to conceptualize, elaborate, and clarify the 'nature of the politics and political order'. I demonstrated that the politics and political order is neither independently self-existent nor an emergence of the melancholy-driven nostalgia of the past, neither altogether transcendent nor wholly earthly. Rather, using the political plethora of the Islamic and Western philosophical worldview, namely an comparative approach to study of the political thought of Al-Ghazali and Sheldon Wolin, I conclude that the politics, political order, and political knowledge are proceeded, categorized, and established in the service of attaining three principles of transcendental metaphysics: truth, goodness, and beauty. In empirical positivist terms, that is to say, politics serves as a mean to improve the following most fundamental dimensions of life of ordinary citizens: improvement of universal life conditions, the freedom of choice, freedom of accessibility to attain education regardless natural disparities, economic enrichment, and equal opportunity to achieve success
Şükür temelli müdahale programının depresif belirtiler ve şükran düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi
Depresyon dünya genelinde yaygınlığı yüksek bir ruhsal rahatsızlıktır. Şükür müdahale programlarının depresyonu azalttığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Şükür Temelli Müdahale Programı'nın (ŞTMP) depresif belirtileri olan 18-40 yaş arası yetişkinlerin depresif belirtiler ve şükran düzeyine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya başvuranlar arasından kriterleri karşılayan 132 katılımcı deney (N=66) ve kontrol (N=66) gruplarına seçkisiz olarak atanmıştır. Deney grubuna 4 haftalık ŞTMP uygulanmış, kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir müdahale uygulanmamıştır. Katılımcıların depresif belirti düzeyleri Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile, şükran düzeyleri Şükran Ölçeği (ŞÖ) ile müdahale öncesi (ön test), müdahale bitimi (son test) ve müdahale bitiminden 4 hafta sonra (izleme testi) olmak üzere üç zaman noktasında ölçülmüştür. Katılımcılara ait veriler varyans analizi ve t test ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ŞTMP'nin deney grubunda depresif belirtileri anlamlı düzeyde azalttığını ve şükranı anlamlı düzeyde yükselttiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bu gelişmeler 4 hafta sonraki izleme ölçümünde de korunmuştur. Kontrol grubunun depresif belirti ve şükran düzeyleri hiçbir ölçüm noktasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar araştırma hipotezleri ve literatür ile tutarlıdır. Bu araştırma depresyonun tedavisinde kullanılabilecek yöntemler açısından ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.
Impact of micro loans on agricultural production: A case study of wheat production in Bahawalpur, Pakistan
This study aims to investigate the role of Zarai Taraqiati Bank's limited finance through technology adaptation on wheat productivity in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Lack of resources and technology are the main reasons why a lot of underdeveloped economies are not able to fulfill their potential especially in agriculture, which is generally the prime income source and occupation. This study is based on a primary data source collected through a field survey. The simple random sampling and cluster random sampling technique is employed for deriving representative sample from population to establish the relationship response variable and focus variables while controlling for land holding and farmer education. It is concluded that agriculture financing through high-yielding varieties, fertilizer, tractors, and harvesters have a significant impact on wheat productivity. The long-term loans also made a marked impact on wheat productivity, while the household size and education are negatively associated with wheat productivity, but these variables are insignificant. The positive association between long-term loans and agricultural productivity represents that credit enables the farmers to purchase superior quality inputs and equipment which causes an increase in agricultural yield. The study suggests that the in-time provision of the appropriate amount of loan and credit in kind (i.e., fertilizer, tractor etc.) to farmers may increase productivity. As a result, income and assets of the farmers are also enhanced.