International agreements and implemented environmental taxes for reducing greenhouse gases that create externalities on a global scale

Externalities are one of the factors that necessitate the intervention of the state in the economy, which is within the scope of the public economy. Externalities are the burden of benefit or cost to other economic units as a result of the production or consumption activities of an economic unit. Due to the high marginal social cost imposed on society, the state should take an active role in eliminating negative externalities. In recent years, environmental pollution, which we describe as negative externality, has become a threat to the life of all living things on earth. In order to create a more livable planet by preventing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, climate changes, states are trying to make the Carbon tax applicable in all countries. It is required to tax the fossil fuels that cause emissions according to their content. Today, 42 billion tons of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, and it has been reported in conferences that if this rate is not reduced in a very short time, it will cause irreversible climatic disasters. In this study, international climate conferences and the decisions taken at the conferences were discussed, Turkey's participation in these conferences and the ones put into effect; laws, regulations and declarations were examined. The ways in which environmental taxes are applied in Turkey and in some countries have been discussed, and it has been emphasized that the necessity of applying the carbon tax has increased and the necessary regulations have increased. Keywords: Carbon Tax, Climate Conferences, Ecological Footprint, Greenhouse Gas Emission