The production of B12 vitamin hard gelatin capsule from dried lamb liver powder and determination of bioaccessibility by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

In this study, it was aimed to produce vitamin B12 food supplement in hard gelatin capsule form from powder obtained by drying lamb liver, which is an important source of vitamin B12, and to determine the vitamin B12 content and vitamin B12 bioaccessibility of capsules by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Within the scope of the study, primarily specified in the Turkish Food Codex Microbiological Criteria Notification Salmonella, E.coli O157 and C.perfringens analyzes were carried out, after determining the suitability of lamb liver for consumption, moisture analysis was carried out in lamb liver and its moisture was found to be 70.8±1.16% on average. The average amount of vitamin B12 in 100 g of lamb liver was determined as 33.08±0.57 µg. Then the lamb liver was dried and the dried lamb liver was pulverized. Powder analyzes were carried out to determine the physical properties of liver powder and it was determined that the particle size of the powder was moderately fine, its stickiness was high and its fluidity was very poor. The moisture of the powder was found to be 12.6±0.52%. The amount of vitamin B12 contained in the powder was found to be 80.71±0.17 µg/100 g. It was determined that commercial vitamin B12 food supplement contains 434.12±16.27 mg/100 g vitamin B12. As a result of the data obtained, the amount of vitamin B12 in a capsule we produced from lamb liver powder is approximately 0.36 µg. The recommended daily amount for B12 is 2.4 µg for adults. This amount is met by taking 7 capsules in a per day. When the vitamin B12 bioaccessibility of lamb liver powder and commercial vitamin B12 food supplement was analyzed by in vitro gastrointestinal method, their bioaccessibility was found to be approximately 482.5±37.48%, 53.50±2.12%, respectively. The bioaccessibility of lamb liver powder to vitamin B12 was found to be approximately 9 fold higher compared to a commercial vitamin B12 supplement.