Evaluation of manure management systems in terms of environmental pollution of dairy cattle operation in Kütahya region

In this study, 100 dairy cattle enterprises located in Kütahya province, where livestock enterprises are concentrated and thought to be able to illustrate the region in general, were selected as the working area. The structural and technical characteristics of the enterprises were investigated and the waste storage, evaluation and management systems in the current practice, the functional characteristics of the animal wastes formed in the enterprises and the effects on the environment were tried to be determined. Making evaluations together with the results of the previous studies, practical suggestions and approaches for the future of dairy cattle breeding in our region were presented. 58% of the enterprises in the research area are small-scale enterprises, 9% are large-scale enterprises and 46% of these enterprises are established without a project and operated by totally traditional methods and 14% are established by project by technical staff with institutional support. 93% of the animal shelters are closed, 4% are partially open and 3% are open free. The average area per animal in 26% of the shelters is 5 m2 or less. The average daily milk yield was determined as 18,25 kg/day. 17% of enterprises have no auxiliary structure, these are small family businesses that use traditional old stables. When the manure management of the enterprises is examined, In 66% of the manure collected with manpower and shovels, 80% of the fertilizer is kept in an open pile under unsuitable conditions. Only 20% of the enterprises have fertilizer depots and a significant proportion (62%) of the research area businesses operate within the settlements. 47% of the enterprises are located very close to the water resources and the majority of them contain ecological potential hazards as fertilizer collection and storage methods are carried out under unfavorable conditions. Water, soil, image and odor pollution can be prevented by establishing and operating the enterprises with sufficient infrastructure and sufficient distance to settlements, water resources.