Catalytic pyrolysis of red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) bark

Many types of energy are used in our country and in the world. Biomass energy is one of the types of energy used today. Pyrolysis is the process of chemical decomposition of the biomass source in the absence of air and the application of heat treatment as a result solid, liquid and gas. Pyrolysis-produced biofuels can also be used as biofuels and bioenergy. In this study, the red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) bark, which has the largest spreading area in Turkey, was selected as the biomass source and pyrolysis was carried out using a slow pyrolysis technique at a nitrogen flow rate of 100 ml/min and a heating rate of 10°C/min in a fixed bed reactor. The halloysite which has large beds around Balıkesir and Çanakkale, was used as the first catalyst in the pyrolysis process. It has been evaluated that this chemical substance exported from our country without being processed abroad can have an added value for the country economy by investigating the effect of pyrolysis liquid product yield. In the first part of the study, the optimum pyrolysis temperature was investigated by pyrolysis at 400,450, 500, 550 and 600°C. The temperature at which the pyrolysis oil yield was the highest was found at 500°C. Catalytic pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 500°C, where the pyrolysis oil yield was the maximum. In catalytic pyrolysis experiments, halloysite which was activated at 250, 400, 600 and 1000 °C was used as catalyst. The effect of halloysit and its ratio (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% W/W) on the pyrolysis convension and product yields was investigated in detail. Moisture, ash, extractive matter, lignin and elemental analysis of raw material were performed. The obtained liquid products were characterized by using elemental, GC-MS, FT-IR analysis. Obtained solid products are done elemental analysis. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis experiments with halloysite showed that halloysite increased pyrolyzed liquid yield by 12.97% to 23.23%. It was determined that the obtained liquid products had calorific values of 16.02-30.76 Mj / kg and solid products had calorific values of 13.73-26.01 Mj / kg. When the GC-MS analyzes of the obtained liquid products were examined, furfural, p-krezol, 3-furaldehit components were determined as active substances. Halloysite showed that increasing the yield of liquid product in the pyrolysis process could be used as a catalyst in pyrolysis plants. This study showed that halloysite exported abroad without processing in our country could provide economical added value by using it domestically.