Clinical and pathological evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma variants and non-squamous cell carcinoma tumors of the larynx

Clinical and Pathological Evaluation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variants and Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumors of the Larynx More than 90% of laryngeal malignancies consist of classic type (conventional) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The remaining 10% are formed by squamous cell carcinoma variants and non-squamous cell carcinoma tumors. Although there is extensive knowledge about staging and clinical behaviors of conventional laryngeal SCC, there is limited data on pathologies other than classical SCC which can challenge clinicians. In this study, clinical and pathological features of patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal malignancy other than classical squamous cell carcinoma between the years 2006-2017 were evaluated. Pathological subgroups were evaluated and compared in terms of demographic characteristics of the patients, localization of the tumor, treatment methods applied and survival data. The laryngeal SCC variants were observed in 7.4% (111/1497) of the patients, and non-SCC laryngeal malignancies were observed in 2.7% (40/1497) of the patients. It was calculated that classic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases accounted for 89.9% (1346/1497) of patients with laryngeal malignancy. When the patients with pathological diagnosis of laryngeal SCC variants were evaluated, it was observed that 30.9% (34/110) of patients had verrucous carcinoma, 25.5% (28/110) basaloid carcinoma, 15.5% (17/110) akantolytic carcinoma, 14.5% (16/110) spindle cell carcinoma, 8,1% (9/110) adenosquamous carcinoma, 4,6% (4/110) lymphoepithelial carcinoma and 1,8% (2/110) papillary squamous cell carcinoma. The analysis of non-SCC laryngeal tumors group revealed neuroendocrine neoplasia in 25% (10/40) of patients, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 20% (8/40), chondrosarcoma in 17.5% (7/40), other sarcomas in 20% (8/40), schwannoma in 5% (2/40) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in 2.5% (1/40). In SCC variants group, the worst prognosis and survival rate was observed in spindle cell tumors, and the best was observed in verrucous carcinoma. In non-SCC group, the worst prognosis and survival rate was observed in non-chondrosarcom sarcomas, and neuroendocrine carcinomas and the best was observed in chondrosarcomas. Keywords: larynx carcinoma, non-squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma