Investigation of road lighting luminaires with led and conventional light source in terms of luminous, electrical and economic

Today, due to increased energy consumption, fossil fuels are decreasing, global warming and carbon emissions are increasing. As a result, the studies related with energy efficiency and energy conservation gain importance. As one of the most important consumption area in the world, lighting has to potential to host significant reduction in total energy consumption by the help of improving energy efficiency. Therefore, new generation products and improvements for the existing systems are of interest of the market. Participation of the people to the traffic is increasing with a developing society, advancing technology and increasing energy consumption. Traffic jams get very intense especially at night times when the daylight is not available. It is very important to have adequate lighting on the environments where are used in day light. The most of the accidents happen in the night because of the problems arising from restrictive sight. For this reason, optimum road lighting is an important need to reduce traffic accidents, provide driver safety and comfort. In addition to economically assessing the optimum road lighting, it is also important to study road surface reflectance characteristics that affect visibility performance under different conditions. The choice of the most suitable light source and luminaire has importance for road lighting as it is in every lighting. When lighting designs are made without taking into consideration factors such as the luminous flux of the light source, the light distribution curve, the design calculations, the color rendering, the color temperature, it is inevitable that the driving comfort within the field of view of the driver and the situations that will affect the safety in a negative way. Parameters such as luminance distribution, average luminance uniformity and visibility vary in different weather conditions such as rain and fog, as well as on different road surfaces of light sources at high and low illuminance levels. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the appropriate road lighting luminaires for each environment by examining the light quality of each luminaire and light source for these conditions. In this thesis, Light Emitting Diode (LED) and other luminaires with conventional light source (High Pressure Sodium (HPS) and Metal Halide (MH)) have been investigated in terms of luminous, electricity and economics under different conditions. The effects of the reflection properties of the road coverings of conventional light sources and LED light sources with different spectra have been examined in luminous. These effects were investigated separately considering different illuminance levels and different weather conditions, and the best spectra for each pavement type were presented in terms of luminous. In addition, the different spectra used in road lighting have been examined for their permeability in varying fog densities and the effect of these conditions on fog visibility under different spectra (foggy weather conditions) has been demonstrated in the context of user preference tests. The results showed that the color, lightness and darkness of the aggregates had a significant effect on the reflection properties of the pavements. In the majority of the measured pavements, the long wavelength was higher than the short wavelength of the relative spectral reflection. It has been shown that LED spectrums with different color temperature and color rendering index have an effect on reflection properties. It has also been observed that the change in the luminance of the pavements under varying weather conditions and at the level of illuminance changes under the spectra. In foggy weather conditions, the transmittance of the spectra changed and the response times of the users to these conditions were different according to their colors and spectra. Electrical power for different situations of LED and conventional light source lighting luminaire are obtained by considering power factor and harmonic measurements, road lighting technical specifications and standards. According to results, when the same light source has been used for the conventional lighting luminaire that belongs to different companies from different classes, harmonic component values and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) have been very different values and exceeded the limits specified in the standards. Similarly, the use of different light sources with the same technology in the same luminaire greatly changes the harmonic values. Although LED luminaires have provided limit values for harmonic component values, it has been found that no LED luminaires provide the specified limit THD value in TEDAŞ conditions. Economically, energy costs were first analyzed by comparing HPS and MH light source luminaires with LED luminaires in an existing road lighting. Second, the life-cost effectiveness of LED and conventional luminaires are examined and compared, taking into account all costs (installation, energy and maintenance costs) and salvage values. As a result, it was observed that when the LED luminaires were replaced with YBSB and MH luminaires in the M2 road lighting class, energy savings of 36,6% and 51,1% were achieved, respectively. It was also determined that the recycling times were 13,4 and 9,3 years, respectively. Life cost analysis for LED and conventional luminaires showed that the total cost of the LED and HPS luminaires for the M2 road class is almost the same while the total cost of the MH luminaire is higher than the others. For the M1 road class, the total cost of the LED luminaire was found to be higher than that of both conventional luminaires.