Effects of ketamine, propofolandketofol on theinflammationandoxidativestress in LPS-inducedendotoxemicrat model

Effects of ketamine, propofol and ketofol on the inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced endotoxemic rat model.LPS, is a highly toxic molecule, which is being in the wall of gram negative bacteria, for all the living creatures. An endotoxemia occurs when the LPS penetrates into a body and a septic schock occurs in the advanced endotoxemia levels. Inflamation and oxidative stress appears as a result of the endotoxemia made by LPS. In this study, we research the directly and/or indirectly protective levels of ketamine, propofol and ketofol which are administered after the endotoxemy, against the cell injuries, by reviewing the enzymelevels of TNF-?, which is a prositoxin; NF-?B, which is responsible for the gene expression of a great numbers of the proteins; NO, which appears as a result of the oxidative stres; MDA, which is an indicator of the lipit peroxidation; COX-2, which is an enzyme responsible for the inflamation, and HO-1, which has an protective impact on the cell injuries in the rats.The levels of TNF-? and NF-?B were measured by ELİSA, the levels of MDA and NO were measured by spectrophotometric, the levels of COX-2 and HO-1 were measured by Western-Blot.The all parameters studied in created endotoxemia with LPS were significantly finded higher than control group (p<0,05).The all parameters studied in injected ketamine after endotoxemia were significantly finded lower than LPS group (p<0,05).The levels of TNF-?, NO, MDA, COX-2, HO-1 in injected propofol after endotoxemia were significantly finded lower than LPS group (p<0,05). But the levels of NF-?B were finded little rise with not a statistically significant.The levels of TNF-?, NO, MDA, COX-2, HO-1 in injected ketofol after endotoxemia were significantly finded lower than LPS group (p<0,05). But the levels of NF-?B were finded little rise with not a statistically significant.The level of MDA in injected propofol after endotoxemia was significantly finded lower than ketamine group (p<0,05). And the all parameters other than NF-?B were significantly finded higher (p<0,05).The levels of NO, Cox-2 ve HO-1 in injected ketofol after endotoxemia were significantly finded higher than ketamine group, lower than propofol group (p<0,05). The level of MDA was significantly finded lower than ketamine group, higher than propofol group (p<0,05). The levels of TNF-? (p<0,05) and NF-?B (p>0,05) in injected ketofol after endotoxemia were significantly finded higher than both ketamine and propofol group.We can express that the anaesthetics are protective against the cell injuries by reducing the levels of TNF-?, NF-?B, MDA, NO and Cox-2, which indicates to inactivate the free radicals in a directly and/or indirectly manner, and that it has also an indirect protective effect against the cell injuries by increasing HO-1 (Hsp-32) enzyme levels, which is known its protective effect.We can also express that ketamine has a more protective effect than the propofol in a comparison between the anaesthetics. Show additive effect of ketofol supported with our findings.