Investigation of the effect of essential oils entrapped in lyposome on periodontal detsruction in experimental periodontitis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cinnamon and clove essential oil liposomes on the prevention of experimentally induced periodontitis. In this study, 28 female Wistar rats were used and four study groups were formed. Group 1: Control group (K), Group 2: Periodontitis group (P), Group 3: Periodontitis and cinnamon oil liposome group (TLp), Group 4: Periodontitis and clove oil liposome group (KLp). Experimental periodontitis was induced by inoculating Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC33384) into the oral environment and silk ligature ligation around the right first molars of the lower jaw. Rats were treated by oral gavage administration of cinnamon or clove liposomes for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss around the teeth, inflammatory cell counts, osteoblast and osteoclast cell counts and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), receptor activator of the ligand of nuclear factor κβ (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were determined. Data were evaluated with One Way ANOVA-tukey, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis methods with IBM SPSS statistical program and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Periodontitis caused a severe bone loss and cinnamon and clove essential oil liposomes prevented alveolar bone loss. Inflammatory cell numbers, osteoclast numbers, iNOS, COX-2 and RANKL levels were the highest levels in the periodontitis group and innamon and clove oil liposomes reduced these levels. Osteoblast numbers and OPG levels were lower in the periodontitis group and cinnamon and clove essential oil liposomes increased these levels. Liposomes obtained from essential oils of cinnamon and clove have successfully reduced inflammation and bone destruction caused by periodontitis.