Pharmaceutical botanical investigations on lophanthus turcicus dirmenci, yildiz & hedge (lamiaceae)

The genus Lophanthus Adans. is a member of the Lamiaceae family, a new genus and a new species in 2010 (L. turcicus) was introduced into the flora of Turkey. In this study, pharmaceutical botany characteristics (morphological, anatomical, trichome, palynological) and chemical (antioxidant, phenolic compounds, biological effects) properties of L. turcicus which is a endemic species were investigated. Morphological studies have given detailed descriptions of the species, supported by drawings and photographs. The structure and distribution of the trichomes in the vegetative and generative organs of the plant are given in trichome morphology. In anatomic studies, woody, herbaceous stems and leaves were taken from sections and their anatomical structures were illuminated. In palynological studies, pollen properties of species were determined by taking photos of pollen grains. In addition, the chemical studies of the plant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging effect determination, β-Carotene/Linoleic acid oxidation inhibiting effect determination, determination of reduction power and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS●+) scavenging effect, antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), anticancer effect with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition were investigated. According to chemical results, antioxidant capacity was found to be low. 14 substances have been identified as phenolic compounds. According to lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition assays, it has been found to have weak inhibitory effect and low cytotoxic effect against A549 cell line. Keywords: Lophanthus turcicus, Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology, Chemical.