Macaristan'daki halkçı yönetim ve 2008 ekonomik krizi üzerine bir değerlendirme

Populism research in the International Relations literature has increased in the last decade particularly because populism is spreading globally and became more apparent with the global economic crises. The term "populism" which was used to describe specific political movements in the US and Russia in the 19th century, started to be used to explain movements against existing elites after the 1950s. An important point that the recent studies focus on is to determine the factors causing the rise of populism in different regions such as in Latin America, Eastern and Central Europe, Western Europe and the US. In this sense, two main factors are emphasized in the literature, namely economic insecurity which leads to socio-economic populism and cultural backlash which leads to cultural populism. This thesis evaluates the rise of populism on the basis of the 2008 Global Economic Crisis, which created an atmosphere for economic insecurity. The main case chosen for this evaluation is Hungary, which has already experienced a comprehensive economic transformation in the post-1990 period and was also devastatingly affected by the 2008 Global Economic Crisis. In this thesis, the implications of the 2008 Global Economic Crisis for Hungary in different areas such as production, investment, unemployment and indebtedness are analyzed in parallel with the developments in the Hungarian politics in the same period. In 2010, Victor Orban took power in Hungary and his charismatic leadership facilitated the rise of populism. In fact, this analysis, demonstrates that the Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz) party led by Viktor Orban rose to power by applying clearly populist policies. It is found out that the atmosphere of economic insecurity in Hungary after the 2008 Global Economic Crisis created a favorable space for the effective use of the populist method in areas such as unemployment, immigration, foreign policy and social policies. Although there have been some changes in its main dynamics over time, the populist policy understanding of the Fidesz government led by Orban has continued until today. It is believed that the next general elections in Hungary will be decisive in terms of both future of Fidesz and populism research in the International Relations literature. Keywords: Populism, 2008 Global Economic Crisis, Hungary, Fidesz, Viktor Orban.