Bi̇omechanical evaluation of effects of mandibular monofocal, bifocal and trifocal distraction osteogenesis by using finite element analysis method

Distraction osteogenesis is the biologic process of new bone formation between bone segments that are gradually separated by incremental traction. The traction generates tension on the skeletal and surrounding soft tissue structures, which stimulates new bone formation parallel to the vector of distraction. In our study, three different kind of intraoral mandibular distraction with biomechanical effects examined to treat different types of defects. A 3-dimensional model of a totally dentate mandibular bone of a young man was used as the basis of a mandibular finite element model in this study. The 3D image of the mandible was imported into MSC Mentat (MSC Software Corporation, CA, USA) version 2005 for preprocessing and modeling. The MSC MARC 2005 (MSC Corporation, Santa Ana, CA, 92707, USA) Finite Element Solver software used to calculate the stresses occured on each mandibular model. Stress patterns of the bony tissues anf fixation materials were calculated as well. Von Mises Stress, Maximum Principle Stress and Minimum Principle Stress values in Mega Pascal were used to compare the stresses of the bony tissues and fixation materials. It is revealed that Von Mises Stress, Maximum Tension Stress and Minimum Tension Stresses focused around first screws of plates in both segments in Monofocal and Trifocal distraction. But in Bifocal distraction Von Mises Stress, Maximum Tension Stress and Minimum Tension Stresses focused all screws of plates