Estimation of water saving potential for Manisa city centre by appropriate demand management measures

In this study, it is aimed to assess water saving potential for Manisa city center by appropriate demand management measures. Firstly, water leakage ratio in Manisa water distribution system was estimated. The neighborhoods feed by Fidanlık reservoir was considered to determine the water leakage ratio. To achieve this, some measurements were done in the depot to estimate the leakage ratio region considered. The purpose of these measurements is to determine how much water is sent from depot to the city for per hour and which pumps are used. The unit water quantity sent to the city for a pump of 1 kW per hour was calculated. The water quantity pumped monthly was the calculated by multiplying unit water quantity with total monthly working hours of pumps during the period considered that were taken from Manisa municipality. The water quantity given to the city is organized in two months periods to be consistent with the billing periods of Manisa municipality. Calculation of water quantities used in the city in two months periods is carried out in two parts. The first part, comprise the quantity measured by the municipality. This is taken directly from municipality's records. The second part, comprises the water quantities that are not measured. The uses such as those used in park irrigation, in mosques and in residences and commercial places that belong to State Foundations Authority are legal. The estimates in relation to these uses were made according to similar measured uses. For example, the water use in normal commercial places is used for the one that belong to State Foundations Authority. Having assessed the water quantity given to the city an the quantity used in the city, the water leak ratio is calculated. The ration is found approximately 70 %. The second part of the research is to assess water saving potential in Manisa. In doing this, firstly, domestic water used forms are analyzed in an attempt to estimate how much water is used by a particular use practice in total domestic use. Then, the water conservation measures (applicable) in each water - use practices are examined an some easy to apply measures are proposed. Finally, an experimental study was conducted to determine if the domestic water conservation measures proposed are applicable. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and 200 respondent were asked to fill the questionnaire. The responses collected from the different people on to education level, financial status have shown that the measures proposed are quite applicable and around 27 % saving is manageable if the proposed measues are publicized and applied effectively.