Magnetic controlled shunt reactor design and performance of electromagnetic analysis

Both worldwide and within our country, the developments in technology and the increasing demand for technological products are leading to a progressively rising energy requirement. This escalation in energy demand adversely affects energy production, transmission, and distribution grids due to insufficient transmission capacities. To meet this additional energy demand, besides increasing production, proper coordination and planning of the grid are crucial. At the forefront of this planning is the need to address increasing line losses and reduce them. Losses may vary at different times of the day, with capacitive effects being more dominant during nighttime and inductive effects during daytime. The compensation system should be designed based on maximum capacitive loading. Improperly designed transmission and distribution lines cause unnecessary load on the system. Investment costs are large, so changes in the system bring financial consequences. The energy transmission system consists of various auxiliary equipment such as transformers, cables, protection materials and reactors. The energy produced is transmitted. Distribution lines are connected to transmission lines. Users are fed from distribution lines. In electrical power systems, reducing the load increases capacitive current. This increased capacitive current leads to reactive power generation, resulting in a decrease in the active current that can be transmitted through the line and an increase in line-end voltage. In order to transmit the same active power, line losses will also be increased as the square of absolute current. it is necessary to consume this reactive power and reduce the absolute magnitude of the current. Various methods have been developed for this purpose. However, the Magnetic Controlled Reactor, with its ability to smoothly adjust inductive capacitance over a wide range of loads, is one of the most suitable solutions for achieving reactive power balance. The most important feature that makes it different from other reactors is its adjustable capacity. Reactors serve as inductive loads to ensure inductive-capacitive power balance in lines and enterprises under capacitive influence. It is widely used in businesses where DC drivers are dominant, long transmission lines, power systems where semiconductors are widely used, base stations, systems where long cables are used, hospitals and stores. There are fundamental problems caused by the capacitive effect. Payment of fines, shortening the life of the devices and the system within the system, decreasing energy transmission efficiency, increasing maintenance and repair costs are some of the problems caused by the increase in reactive power. Magnetically Controlled Shunt Reactors are a versatile type of AC transmission device that serves to regulate the reactive capacity of the transmission system. The 26 analysis of MCR is a very important factor. In recent years, scientists have conducted MCR studies with different perspectives. MCR is analyzed on an approximately equivalent circuit and this is mainly due to its complex electrical structure. MCR control system can be classified as open-loop control and closed-loop control according to the control method. In open loop control, no feedback can be received from the output. Disruptive effects cannot be detected by the system. Open loop control structure is used in non-sensitive systems. In the closed loop control system, feedback is received from the output. The disruptive effect can be detected by the system. A precise control is provided. Closed loop control is generally used in MCRs. Losses occurring in MCR consist of core losses, winding losses and additional losses. Losses occur in the core of Iron Core Reactors due to the flux stored in the core. Depending on the reactor structure and type, the core may operate in saturation, but such a situation is not desired in standard shunt reactors. Copper losses are of two types: DC and AC losses of the windings. This loss value varies depending on the voltage value coming to the reactor bushings and the current drawn by the reactor. Additional losses are losses occurring in metal parts other than the winding and core. MCR's harmonic content changes depending on the load of the reactor. As the reactor load increases, the harmonic content decreases. It has more harmonic content than the similar product Thyristor Controlled Reactor. By coordinating the space in the MCR core, the harmonic content of the reactor can be reduced. The cooling system is important in MCR. The reactor is generally designed for ONAN cooling. The cooling system is also important in MCR. The reactor is generally designed for ONAN cooling. If a power increase is desired, the ONAF system is switched to. FEM analysis have become widespread and important in recent years. These software are large-scale software that work with finite networking logic and are widely used in the electromagnetic industry. In products with complex R&D processes, such software reduces pre-production expenses and problems that may be encountered. Care should be taken to keep the electromagnetic model as simple as possible. The production phase is of great importance for the product for which analytical calculations are made. Detecting errors caused by production is seriously time- consuming and difficult. During the production phase of the prototype product, insufficient and improper drying, moist oil, and use of insufficient raw materials should be avoided. During the MCR testing phase, tests must be carried out meticulously due to its complex and difficult to understand structure. The number of winding turns must be verified by tests performed on the reactor. "RATECH WR50-13" device was used to detect resistance. Resistance is measured in each phase. Resistances between phases are expected to be close. If the difference between the values ​​is large, the test should be repeated or the product should be reviewed. Ratio testing is done with the "OMICRON CPC 100" device. 400 V is applied from the reactor inlet and the voltage at the other ends is measured. During the design phase, the values ​​to be read as a result of this test are calculated. Measurement results are expected to be close to the values ​​calculated during design. 27 Finally, an insulation test must be performed before applying AC high voltage to the reactor. This test is performed with the "MEGGER MIT 525" device. Afterwards, applied and induced voltage tests are performed. Care should be taken to ensure that the ends of certain windings of the reactor winding are connected to thyristors without any errors. In the test environment, the trigger angles of the thyristors should be reduced towards 90 degrees. Magnetic Controlled Shunt Reactors have begun to be widely used worldwide in recent years and have become the focus of interest for system designers in Turkey as well. Despite all these developments, this product has not been thoroughly examined and fully understood in Turkey. In this study, the technically and economically most suitable design of a 2MVAr Magnetic Controlled Reactor, defining the design in the electromagnetic analysis program, detecting the active power losses of the reactor in the analysis and test environment, determining the harmonic content of the reactor current according to the loading regime, and comparing it with alternative products in terms of technical and economic suitability or unsuitability, have been conducted. As a result of this thesis, the working structure of the Magnetic Controlled Shunt Reactor developed for the optimal coordination of transmission lines, the required reactive power balance, and the variable reactive power requirement has been understood. In future academic studies, the losses occurring in the boiler, additional accessories and winding, losses and harmonics occurring at the core junctions, the compact operation of MCR in coordination with other compensation systems, shortening the response time, improving the sound level and reducing losses will be studied.