Examination of martian habitats from the viewpoint ofstructure

Space missions started in the 1950s and continue to progress, have shown great advances with today's developing technologies. Humankind's exploration of space conditions and their journeys to different planets have enabled the development of new systems with various conditions for humanity to live in space. It is thought that the next destination for humans to expand colonization will be Mars. However, creating a living space requires the collaboration of more than one discipline, as it is an indispensable part of architecture. Similar to construction processes on Earth, technical problems of raw materials, transportation, cargo, and space construction technologies must be addressed before human settlement. Considering all the conditions for a habitat on Mars, the human factor should be placed as an important input into the study because the main factor in the design of a habitat is human life and its continuity. Therefore, essential factors for humans in long-term life in space should be addressed. Based on the history of Mars exploration missions and current Mars exploration results, the aim of this study is to provide an overview of possible construction methods and requirements for materials in the extreme environments for future exploration and potential habitat constructions on Mars. The study introduces the environmental and terrain conditions on Mars, reviews the research of resources on Earth and on Mars that can be used during the construction of a habitat on Mars, considers the comfort and ergonomics of humans in a habitat, examines the energy sources that can be used, examines some structurally viable constructions systems and materials by drawing from various examples, and offers suggestions for the future.