Mahjar literature and its contributions to the Arab literature

96 ABSTRACT In this M.A thesis, I studied Mahjar literature which contributed a lot to the contemporary Arab literature with its renovative and rebellious nature as an active trend. The study can be divided into three: in the first chapter, which is the int roduction, I investigated into the political, cultural and economic background which helped the formation of Mahjar literature and I studied the reasons of the migrations of Mahjar literarians. I also touched the first cultural and econo mical activities of those literarians in America where is the place of migration. In the second chapter, I mentioned the literary activities of Mahjar literature in the North and South America respectively. In this chapter, I did research on the communities of el-'Usbe el-Endelusiyye who resided in the South America and, el-Râbıta el-Kalemiyye who resided in the North America, including the lives and stylistic features of the prominent writers. In the third chapter, I analyzed the fundamental elements that paved the way for the Mahjar, its general characteristics, the subjects it dealt with the re novations it brought and its contributions to the Arab literature I investigated into the Eastern symbols of the Mahjar literature and gave samples of them. Later, I tried to shed light on their literary and poetic outlooks and their appro aches to religion. In the end, I concentrated on the linguistic and stylistic criticism made against the Mahjar poets and on their responses to those criticisms. I concluded my research with a general owerview of the Mahjar literature including minuses and pluses.