Effects of chemotherapy application on fallopian tube and uterine tissues in breast tumor created rats and identification of protective roles of several antioxidants in structural and immunohistochemical levels

Breast cancer is one of the important disease and the most common type of cancer in woman worldwide. In breast cancer studies, breast carcinoma models created with MNU has a wide application areas.Cyclophosphcmide is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer. It prevents mitosis by blocking growth of cancer cells. Concerns exist about long term side effects of cyclophosphamide and other chemoterapeutic drugs.In this study our aim is to investigate the damage that cyclophosphamide may wreak on the structure of uterus and fallopian tube tissues in MNU induced breast cancer experimental animals and also we aimed to prove the potential protective effects of vitamin C, Vitamin E and selenium known with their antioxidant properties by statistical, immunohistochemical and electron microscope level. Therefor, Kİ-67 primay antibody was used to determinate the cell proliferation, Caspase-3 antibody was used to determinate the apoptosis and VEGF primay antibody was used to determinate the angiogenesis.As a result of immunohistochemical assesments of uterine tissue; cell proliferation was decreased especially in cyclophosphamide applied group, in a similar way caspase-3 involvement was decreased too than the other groups but in the use of antioxidants these effects were changed in a certain extend. VEGF involvement did not show significant differences between groups was noticed. In evaluations made on the semi-thin sections, shortening of epithelial height and increase in the presence of apoptotic bodies was monitored in the cancer group and cyclophosphamide applied group. In the use of antioxidants a little more normal overall structure were seen.In immunohistochemical evaluations of fallopian tube, cell proliferation did not differ significatly between groups and non-spesific involvement was noticed. Involvement of caspase-3 in cancer group was heavier than other groups. Use of cyclophosphamide and antioxidants reduce the involvement was determined. Compared with other groups, VEGF involvement in cyclophosphamide applied group has seen extremely weak. In semi-thin sections of evaluations, in cancer group and cyclophosphamide applied group, difference in density of cells was noticed, in addition large vacuoles also were seen in cancer group.The structure is seen turn back to a bit normal on the use of antioxidats.Our datas which have been achieved as a result of electron microscopic assessments also supports the findings of all these studies.As a result, in MNU induced cancer and then applied chemotherapy, caused cellular degeneration, also triggered apoptosis in uterus and fallopion tissues was seen, where as antioxidants reduced these effects relatively was monitored.