Metamaterials based reconfigurable microwave resonator for biomedical applications

Due to the urgent need to develop technologies for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes individuals, a potential research has been applied by invoking the microwave techniques. Therefore, this work presents a novel technique based on a single port microwave circuit, antenna structure, based on metamaterial (MTM) transmission line defected patch for sensing the blood glucose level in noninvasive process. For that, the proposed antenna is used to measure the blood glucose through the field leakages penetrated to the human blood through the skin. The proposed sensor is constructed from a closed loop connected to an interdigital capacitor to magnify the electric field fringing at the patch center. The proposed antenna sensor is found to operate excellently at the first mode, 0.6GHz, with S11 impedance matching less than -10dB. The proposed sensor performance is tested experimentally with 15 cases, different patients, through measuring the change in the S11 spectra after direct touching to the sensor a finger print of a patient. The proposed sensor is found to be effectively very efficient detector for blood glucose variation with a low manufacturing cost when printed on an FR-4 substrate. The experimental measurements are analyzed mathematically to obtain the calibration equation of the sensor from the curve fitting. A neural network is used to optimize the proposed antenna performance at the required frequency band. Finally, the theoretical and the experimental results are found to be agreed very well with a percentage of error less than 10%.