A Study on the relationship among architectural knowledge, ideology, discourse, criticism and some examples from Turkish architectural literature

ABSTRACT The activity of architectural production like most of other fields of activities is formed of discoursive and none-discoursive practices. The field of discoursive practices is where the conceptual and theoretical facts are produced and which defines itself through these facts. None-discoursive practices are the production of architectural space by the knowledge produced by the former. The field of knowledge is consists of theories which provides the "reproduction of reality", can be named scientifically of ideologically and of discourses which helps the circulation of these thoughts in between individuals and which is formed within the context of a certain language. The activity of criticism is the act of understanding-interpreting between different or similar discourses within the basis of these components. We can see it in the educational institutions, architectural publications, competitions and sometimes in newspapers and popular magazines, in the verbal or textual form. We developed our study on the method of defining a theoretical frame of the activity of criticism regarding both the general and architecturaltypes, then studying the textual examples appeared in the Turkish architectural press. In the first and second chapter of our study we tried to consider the concept of knowledge, theory, discourse, ideology and criticism as a whole regarding each as an instrument in the reproduction of knowledge.In the third chapter, we studied the knowledge of architecture, the discourse of architecture-architectural discourse, the ideology of architecture-architectural ideology and architectural criticism. At the end of this chapter we developed a classification of criticism on the basis of the issues listed above. In the fourth chapter we tried to glance at architectural periodicals and the role of critisizm in the western world and Turkey In the fifth chapter we tried to make relationship among th project of modernity of Ottoman and Turkish states and development of architectural Ideology/discource. In the sixth chapter we tried to reinterpret on the historical change of criticism in the Turkish architectural theory by studying the texts of criticism appeared on the major periodicals. In the conclusion we re-evaluated the relationship between the architectural criticism, discourse and ideology by the cross-examination of the selected texts.