Characterization of cement-based injection glats enriched with mineral additives and metal slag

Groundwater poses significant problems in many structures regarding structural safety. The most frequently used method to ensure the safety of structures against underground water leaks is injection into the foundations of structures, and in water-based structures, into the body parts of structures that come into contact with water. This study investigated the use of metal slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolan as substitutes for cement by reducing the amount of cement used in cement-based grouts. The aim was to reduce cement consumption, reduce carbon emissions from cement production, and generate economic benefits through the use of waste industrial products. Initially, metal slag, fly ash, and natural pozzolan were substituted for cement in cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight, respectively. Pressure, viscosity, and sedimentation tests were conducted. The strength, fluidity, and sedimentation changes of the prepared samples were calculated based on the results. Optimum mixtures were prepared using the Taguchi Method using the three materials simultaneously. The prepared grout mixtures were subjected to compressive strength, marsh funnel, sedimentation, impermeability, initial setting, and final setting tests, and the results were compared. Based on the results, it was determined that metal slag increased fluidity and sedimentation, while fly ash and natural pozzolan decreased sedimentation and fluidity. Decreases in compressive strength were observed as the use of all three materials increased. It was determined that the desired results could be achieved by substituting 7.5% FA, 5% natural pozzolan, and 2.5% metal slag for the cement in grout mixtures prepared using the Taguchi Method. Fly ash prolonged the initial setting time and shortened the final setting time, while natural pozzolan extended the initial and final setting times, while metal slag had no effect on the initial and final setting times. The grout mixture K5UK7.5P2.5M, prepared by substituting 5% FA, 7.5% natural pozzolan, and 2.5% metal slag, was determined to provide the best impermeability results and utilize the highest amount of substitute materials in place of cement. Based on the results obtained, and the data obtained from the optimum final grout mixtures using FA, natural pozzolan, and metal slag, it was determined that a total of 15% substitute materials could be used by substituting 7.5% FA, 5% P, and 2.5% M for cement in the grouts. This could reduce the cement content to up to 85%.