Evaluation of coronary artery involvement according to risk factors and laboratory parameters in patients with myocardial infarction

Introduction and Purpose: The proportional increase in the elderly population in the society caused non-communicable diseases to come to the forefront with the extension of life expectancy in the last century. The most important non-communicable diseases are ischemic heart diseases, which are the most common mortality reasons in the entire world and in our country. It is known that 30% of ischemic heart diseases manifest first findings with myocardial infarction. Clinical presentation and prognosis of cases vary depending on factors like myocardial infarctiontype, coronary artery segment involved, and degree of stenosis of the vessel. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of the risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction with the coronary vessels involved. Materials and Methods: The study was in the cross-sectional fashionconductedat Cardiology Clinic of Malatya Training and Research Hospital, examining the risk factors, lipid profiles, some hemogram parameters, and the effect of Vitamin D levels on coronary artery involvement in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction between August 2019 and February 2020. The sampling size analysis was based on the data of the reference study with 80% power in 95% Confidence Interval, and the minimum sampling size to be reached was calculated to be 216. The Chi-Square Test, Independent Samples T-test, Mann Whitney U, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis, and Binominal Logistics Regression Analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results:A total of 60.7% of the cases were diagnosed with STEMI, and 39.3% were diagnosed with NSTEMI, and no significant associations were detected between cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial infarction types (p>0.05). Age significantly increased hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes LAD involvement (p<0.05). No significant relations were detected between circumflex artery involvement and cardiovascular risk factors (p>0.05). Total cholesterol, elevated LDL levels, and decreased HDL levels significantly increased RCA involvement. Hypercholesterolemia, low HDL and Vitamin D levels increased multi-vessel involvement significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, which increases LAD and RCA involvement significantly in addition to the predisposition to multi-vascular involvement, is an important and preventable risk factor, which needs to be considered. It is important to fight obesity to decrease the diabetes factors and dyslipidemia, which increases LAD involvement at significant levels. PreventingVitamin D deficiency, which is common and which increases multi-vascular involvementsignificantly, is important for public health. Keywords: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Coronary Arteries, Myocardial Infarction