Structural changes in the male genital ducts can be created by a mobile phone radiation

Nowadays, mobile phones, hand-held communication devices, such as portable phones and wireless are widely used in. While these tools are used in personal communication they are kept very close to the head by the user. Therefore, depending on the heavy use of users of these tools to harmful levels of EMS to have exposured.As part of the rapid change in technology, in our country the mobile communication tools particularly use of mobile phones pervaded,GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) operators expanded their coverage and service offerings depending on the increased number of users and base stations.As a result of that, the number of people affected by magnetic fields caused by thesecommunication systems has increased.While in the 1990s GSM operators were broadcasting with only 900 megahertz (MHz) radio frequency (RF) waves, over the years 1800 MHz RF waves are used with increasing expectations in this regard. Today, the severity of radio-frequency wave reached 2100 MHzThe purpose of this study is to examine the third-generation mobile phone 2100 MHz electromagnetic field created by the ductus epididymis and ductus deferenste enabled the rats can arise the structural changes.135In our study, 36 Wistar-Albino male rats of 8 weeks were used. EMS application was fulfilled with EMS generator placed about 5 cm away from the cage of rats 30 minutes per day (Turkey's estimated daily average talk time) during 4 and 8 weeks, 6 days perweek.At the end of the application euthanasia was performed with high-dose ketamine-xylazine injection in rats. After euthanasia, rats were sacrificed, ductus epididymis and ductus deferens were isolated and weights were recorded by weighing. For the evaluation of organs hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining histochemically, for the determination of apoptosis caspase-3 staining by immunohistochemistry and in order to determine vascularization Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF was performed.In the assessments; while 30 minutes a day for 1 month 2100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic applied fields (RF-EMF) of the rat ductus epididymis sperm was not observed in some channels, a reduction in sperm density in some of the channels drewattention. Loss and damageof ligamentwas observed In cross-channel interstitial ligamentwhere edematous take in. In addition, it was observed that vascularization was higly increased relative to the control and sham groups in cross-channel interstitialligament. Examination ofthe ductusdeferenstissues ofrats, while 30 minutes a day for 1 month 2100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic applied fields (RF-EMF) of the rat ductus deferens in 1 month EMF experimental grup according to the 1 month control and sham, the distortionin the cells which are made the pseudostratified epitelium, 136displacements inthe cellnucleus, leavesthe looseconnective tissue ofthe laminapropria was noticed. Madebycaspase-3immunohistochemical staininganalysis ofrattissuesductus deferens, There wasno significant difference1 month control, 1 month sham ande 1 month experimental groups. MadebyVEGFimmunohistochemical staininganalysis ofrattissuesductus deferens, the increased immunreactivity in vessel endotelial cells had benn seen in 1 month experimental group according to the 1 month control and 1 month sham groups.30 minutes a day for 2 month 2100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic applied fields (RF-EMF) of the rat ductus epididymis, loose of sperm was observed in some channels. Decreases inheightfrom place to placeorderdistortionof epithelial cells, sperm was observed. İn interstitialconnective tissuebetween channels the presence ofedematousareas, accordding to the 2-monthcontrol and shamgroupweresignificantlyincreasedblood supply had been seen significantly. analysis ofratductusepididymistissues in the same groupwith theCaspase-3 immunohistochemical staining, according to2 month control and 2 month sham groupsin the interstitialconnective tissue inthe cross-channelforming ofthe ductusepididymisincreasedimmunoreactivitywas observed. In the samegroup, examination ofthe ductusepididymistissues ofratswithVEGFimmunohistochemical staining, vessels in the peritubular connective tissue which is made ductus epididimis channels, the increased immunreactivity had been seen.In the evaluationof 30 minutes a day for 2 month 2100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic applied fields (RF-EMF) of the rat ductus deferens, pseudostratifiedepitheliumandlamina propriaat the bottom, separation and disorders oforganization drew attention. İn analysis made137bycaspase-3immunohistochemical stainingofrattissuesductus deferens, there was nodifference inimmunoreactivitybetween 2 month control, 2 month sahm and 2 month experimental groups caspase-3 immunohistochemistrystaining. MadebyVEGFimmunohistochemical staininganalysis ofrattissuesductus deferens, the increased immunreactivity in vessel endotelial cells had benn seen in 2 month experimentalgroup according to the 2 month control and 2 month sham groups.In our study,the experimental groupscompared withthe ductusepididymisandductus deferensweights, there was nostatisticallysignificant changein terms of weight.As a result,the third-generationmobile phonesgenerated2100 MHzEMFcausedsome structural changeswere observed inthe male genitalducts.