Modernization process in Turkey and Mozambique: Power, culture and development problems (1890-2015

This study examines the effects of internal and external dynamics of countries on the modernization process. Based on a comparative analysis of the history of Turkish and Mozambique, the study shows how complex the development and modernization process in a particular society is. In these countries, the role of political power in the formation of national identity and the promotion of economic development are discussed in detail. Although Mozambique is a young republic compared to Turkey, its modernization process goes back to the Portuguese Monarchy Era. But while Turkey is modernized, rural life continues to prevail in Mozambique. The lack of qualified human resources, the existence or absence of a continuum project and a determined socio-political group for the industrialization of society can help us understand why these countries are not at the same level of modernization. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the differences and similarities in the historical, political, economic and social trends of both countries and examine how these social trajectories affect the modernization process. In this study, it is aimed to reveal similarities and differences in the modernization process of both countries by using historical comparative method. To support the comparative historical method, the document analysis method (books, reports, newspapers, magazines, maps, photographs, periodicals, archives and autobiographical notes) was also used to collect, systematize and interpret the data. However, while trying to evoke various factors that hinder the development of a particular society, the determining factor is political power. Keywords: CHP, FRELIMO, Development, Modernization of Mozambique, Turkish Modernization.