Molecular detection of FIM H, MRKD, and WCAG genes responsible for biofilm formation in klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different sites of infection

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae leads to hospital and community-acquired illnesses with substantial morbidity and death. K. pneumonia's biofilm production is connected to virulence genes. Resistance is enhanced by biofilm development. This research investigated sodium hypochlorite as well as carnation extract against K. pneumoniae biofilm. Materials and methods: About 100 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens taken from hospitals in the Medical City of Baghdad, Iraq, between June 2021 and January 2022. This bacterium was isolated by used traditionally laboratory methods and identification by used VITEK-2 automated system, biofilm-related genes (fimH, wcaG and mrkD) were detection by conventional-PCR as well as biofilm evaluation by three different methods (Tryptic Soy Broth TSB, Congo Red Agar CRA and Brain Heart Infusion Broth BHIB). Additionally, the impact of anti-biofilm materials (sodium hypochlorite and carnation) on biofilm was measured. Results: In this investigation, K. pneumoniae isolates obtained from sputum, burns, urine, and blood formed biofilms. Pus, ear fluid, and fluid isolates were less likely to form biofilms. When compared to the use of Congo red agar and the brain-heart infusion broth techniques, tryptic soy broth is readily quantified and may be a reliable way to identify biofilm growth. The high frequency of the mrkD and fimH genes in isolates was also a strong correlation among the capacity to produce biofilm along with the presence of mrkD and fimH genes. In addition, sodium hypochlorite and carnation, in particular Syzygium aromatics, revealed a strong inhibitory influence on the biofilm establishment in K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: mrkD and fimH genes in K. pneumoniae are associated with biofilm formation, making them interesting appropriate treatment options. The tryptic soy broth technique is a more efficient and dependable way to identify biofilm-forming bacteria in laboratories. Sodium hypochlorite and carnation, in particular Syzygium aromatics, inhibited and removed K. pneumoniae biofilm, and the impact increased with a level in the both bactericidal and bacteriostatic spectrum.