Determination of the neuroprotective effects ofmonoterpenes i̇n an experi̇mental alzheimer's diseasemodel

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Current treatments aim to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. In this context, the discovery of new therapeutic agents targeting the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is of significant importance. Monoterpenes are known for their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of these molecules in Alzheimer's disease models remain insufficiently understood. This thesis aims to investigate the effects of monoterpenes on the HMC- 3 cell line, which is derived from human microglial cells and exposed to Aβ1−42 peptide, in order to explore new potential therapeutic pathways for Alzheimer's disease. Comprehensive safety and efficacy tests were conducted, including cell viability (MTT), apoptosis and necrosis (flow cytometry), antioxidant/oxidant balance (TAS/TOS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and genotoxicity (Hoechst staining and chromosomal aberration analysis). The data obtained revealed that especially Isoborneol and Eucalyptol exhibited significant protective effects against Aβ-induced cellular damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and genetic alterations. This study demonstrates that the tested natural compounds possess the potential to modulate multiple molecular processes involved in Alzheimer's disease and suggests that such compounds should be considered in future therapeutic approaches.