The past, present and ideology of the society of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

The politics of the U.S.A. varying after the incident of September 11, triggered the mass movements in the countries of the Middle East which had been suffering from the autocratic government for years. Raising protests, laid the groundwork for democratic transformation in these countries due to rooted social groups and flourishing communication network. 'The Society of Muslim Brotherhood', which is among the victors of this process called Arab Spring, is the key element of this thesis that achieved to come into power unlike other social groups. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse ideological and political evolution of the Society of Muslim Brotherhood, that was established in Egypt as a charitable institution with Islamic inclination, in paralel with Egypt's history of politics. In the thesis, it was investigated that why and how the Society arose and what political and ideological character has hitherto been adopted. Egypt's culture of politics was described in the light of political events that has been occured from the ancient Egypt till today and through the diversity of 'Islamic thought', the Society's institution, development and present condition were argued. For this purpose, Turkish, Arabic and English sources were inquired and current events were expressed. In the thesis, it was concluded that, the Society which was produced from the 'modernization of Islam' movement, after the 'fundamental Islamic' school it turned to 'radical Islamic' view, at last it currently demonstrates 'moderate Islamic' position; and the demands for Islamic management altered to expressions for democratic management. Moreover, the Society, that pursued strategy about keeping clear of politics in the beginning, politicized itself as a conclusion of local and international politic occasions. It was observed that socio-economic condition of Egypt and public's potential to achieve what they want after 2011 Revolution are cut against the Society in power. However, it's being presumed that, due to the structuring throughout the Middle East, the Society will remain as an important political actor.