The effect of different phosphorus doses on the yield, production items and quality properties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in Muğla Dalaman conditions

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in grain yield, yield components and quality parameters of Kayra and Ziyabey-98 bread wheat varieties at different phosphorus doses in Muğla Dalaman ecological conditions. Material and Method: Kayra and Ziyabey-98 bread wheat varieties were used as plant material in this study, which was carried out in three replications according to the split plots trial design in dry conditions in the 2022 winter crop growing season. Nitrogen fertilization was given 3 times as 160 kg/ha in total. As a phosphorus source, Triple Super Phosphate fertilizer was used in 6 different doses (0. 40. 80. 120. 160. 200 kg/ha). Findings: Grain yields were determined between 5820 kg/ha and 6493.3 kg/ha in Kayra variety, between 6003.3 kg/ha and 6783.3 kg/ha in Ziyabey-98 variety, 1000 grain weight is between 44.42 g and 46.06 g in Kayra variety, and 42.53 g in Ziyabey-98 variety. Moreover, plant height values were detected between 97.04 cm and 106.57 cm in the variety Kayra, and between 95.87 cm and 104.07 cm in the variety Ziyabey-98, the number of grains per spike values were determined between 32.96 and 36.23 in the variety Kayra, between 31.43 and 36.13 in the Ziyabey-98 variety. The number of spikes per square meter values were measured between 443.66 and 470.33 in Kayra variety and between 430.33 and 567.66 in Ziyabey-98 variety. Hectoliter weights were between 78.23 kg/hl and 80.73 kg/hl in Kayra variety, between 76.93 kg/hl and 79.13 kg/hl in Ziyabey-98 variety, protein ratio values were between 14.25% and 15.37% in Kayra variety, between 13.92% and 14.81%, in Ziyabey-98 variety. Starch ratio values were determined between 70.68% and 74.49% in Kayra variety, between 69.1% and 75.53% in Ziyabey-98 variety, crude fiber ratio values were detected between 4.49% and 4.97% in Kayra variety, and between 4.32% and 4.69% in Ziyabey-98 variety. It was determined that the rates of ash varied between 1.68% and 1.75% in Kayra variety and between 1.65% and 1.70% in Ziyabey-98 variety. Conclusion: In general, it has been determined that high phosphorus dose has a positive effect on yield and low phosphorus doses had a positive effect on quality data given as a ratio. The best values were obtained for grain yield and yield items at 160 kg/ha phosphorus dose, and for most quality parameters measured proportionally at 0 kg/ha phosphorus dose. In the light of the data obtained phosphorus doses of 160 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha and 80 kg/ha were statistically indifferent. In addition, it was determined that the quality values increased proportionally when the phosphorus dose decreased. Considering all these, it would be appropriate to determine the cost of phosphorus application. Considering that the experiment is limited to one production season, a longer study is recommended in order to determine grain yield and quality characteristics depending on different phosphorus doses.