A multilocus sequence analysis for uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from different Iraqi cities

WHO has recently begun to worry about urinary tract infection, a condition in which germs enter and develop in the urinary system. (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra). Particularly since it became more resistant to antibiotics, it has drastically grown. One hundred sixty of midstream clean-catch urine samples were collected from patients suffering from symptoms urinary tract infections (UTIs). Between 15 May 2022 and 30 November 2022, samples were collected from patients at Basra Teaching Hospital, and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Maternity and Children teaching Hospital in Muthanna, Al-Sadr medical city in Najaf and Central Publıc Health Laboratory in Baghdad. The results revealed that Escherichia coli were the predominant bacteria with 77 (48.2%), while the other bacteria were 55 (34.3%). Out of 160 samples, the negative culture was 28 (17.5%). An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed, a ten different antibiotics were tested for 25 isolates of E. coli strains showed the highest resistance rates to Amoxicillin. Ticarcillin and Tetracycline came after Amoxicillin resistance in E. coli. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to compare 25 E. coli isolates isolated from patients with different UTI infections and different locations. In this study, five housekeeping genes ( fadD, gyrB, mdh, mutS, and rpoS) were used as new MLSA scheme. Of 25 studied samples of E. coli, 21 novel sequence types (STs) were identified according to the new scheme of MLSA. These 21 STs were grouped to five groups and different singletones. The different types of UTI (Urithitis, Vaginitis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis) have impact on the resulted genotypes, where most samples of the upper UTI infection were grouped in STs that are different than the lower UTI infection. All 5 housekeeping genes showed polymorphic changes. gyrB gene was the most polymorphic gene, where generate 12 alleles. In comparison, the rpoS was the less polymorphic gene, which generate 9 alleles. This study it has been proven that novel MLSA scheme has high discriminately power to differenciate among pathogenic bacteria. After studying the five housekeeping genes (fadD, gyrB, mdh, mutS, and rpoS) at the molecular level, the following molecular techniques eBURST analysis, circular phylogenetic analysis, split-decomposition analysis, and phylogram analysis were used to draw a conclusion. The E. coli samples were used to identify the most pathogenic strains. The majority of the E. coli was found in Al-Basra city, which was followed by Al-Najaf, Baghdad, and Al-Muthanna. E. coli urinary tract infection areas with the highest prevalence rates were also found. Escherichia coli was more common in the vagina than in the bladder, ureters, or pyelonephritis.