Human freedom and destiny in sufis Ibn al-Arabi and Shihab al-din Suhrawardi as models

SUMMARY The subject of human freedom and destiny has been a debated issue from human history to the present day. In the history of Islamic thought, the formation of the discipline of Kalam and to what extent human being is free in his voluntary actions have been discussed under the title of destiny. With the development of the science of Sufism, Sufis also produced works about this issue. In our study, we will reveal how Sufis viewed the issue of human freedom and destiny, specifically in the context of Ibn Arabi and Suhrawardi. In the first part of our study, the views of Ibn al-Arabi, one of these Sufis, were evaluated. Ibn al-Arabi's views on the issue of human freedom are complex. He interpreted the problem of human freedom and destiny with the theory of ayani-sabita that he developed. The final opinion of Ibn Arabi, who occasionally accepted humans as free and under coercion in his works, is that humans are not free. According to him, this is a coercion originated from man's own imagination. To Suhrawardi, whose views are included in the second chapter, there is a Sunni/Ash'ari understanding of destiny, originated mainly from the Sufi tradition. Although he does not delve deeply into the discussions of fate, his understanding of human freedom and fate is a continuation of Ash'ari. Key Words: Kalam, Human freedom, Ibn ʻArabī, Destiny, Shihāb ad-Dīn Suhrawardi