Criticism in music from the avant-garde to the mass music in the context of the formation, change of the music field and its development in Turkey

Music, as one of the cultural paradigms representing societies throughout history, has changed according to periodic conditions. Music's relationship with criticism also differs depending on these changes. The emergence of criticism in music is primarily linked to the autonomy of music from the palace and the church with the Enlightenment period in the West. Then, in the Romantic period, music became autonomous from the bourgeoisie. This period, in which art began to be made for art's sake, led to the emergence of avant-garde movements, as well as the avant-gardeization of music. However, with the emergence of jazz in America in the early 20th century, music became commercialized and new popular music genres emerged. Therefore, critical avant-garde music has since lost its influence and power. On the other hand, even though music has been massified in this historical process, it has always maintained its critical aspect with new genres such as rock'n roll, rock and rap. In parallel to the West, Turkish music was influenced by these genres after the 1960s. The critical attitude started with Anatolian pop music, influenced by the Anatolian minstrel tradition, and continued with rock and rap music. In this framework, the aim of this study, which is to reveal the social context of music and the language of criticism in music, is realized through a historical comparative sociological perspective. Keywords: Avant-garde, Criticism, Mass music, Autonomy, Music in Turkey.