Biofilm and toll-like gene receptor expression in nasal polyposis

Nasal polyps are benign lesions arising from the mucosa of the nasal sinuses or from the mucosa of the nasal cavity. The etiology of nasal polyps is unknown. The main presenting symptom of nasal polyp is nasal obstruction which is constant but can vary depending on the site and size of the polyps. Sufferers will also frequently complain of watery rhinorrhea and postnasal drip. Nasal polyp is an immunological inflammatory process whose cause is still undefined, although several theories have tried to explain its pathophysiology. Nowadays, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is recognized as a disease related to several factors, such as immuno compromised state, local host factors, Staphylococcus aureus superantigens, eosinophilic inflammation induced by fungal colonization, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, osteitis, and biofilms. Biofilm-grown bacteria can be highly resistant to fluctuations in moisture, pH, and temperature. Many studies reported the evidence of biofilms in the mucosal surface of patients with CRS. Effects in the germ cells of innate immunity, defense against bacterial and viral infections, is encoded by means of transmembrane cell receptors. One of them is the toll like receptors. It was shown that the intensity of expression depended on the pathomorphological characteristics of nasal polyps. The aim of this study is to investigate that toll-like receptor expression correlation with mucosal change and biofilm presence by tissue culture and elektron microscopy in the tissue sample of patients with nazal polypozis.