Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity of cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, cadmium chloride, magnesium chloride, nickel chloride in xenopus laevis, assayed by the fetax procedure

ABSTRACT Teratogenicity and Embryotoxicity of Cobalt Chloride, Zinc Chloride, Cadmium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride, Nickel Chloride in Xenopus laevis, Assayed by the FETAX Procedure. This study was performed to determine whether malformations induced in Xenopus laevis embryos by exposure to divalent cadmium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and magnesium chlorides and to determine whether reduced the toxicity induced in Xenopus laevis embryos by exposure to divalent magnesium and zinc chlorides with cadmium, nickel, and cobalt chlorides. In addition Teratogenicity Index (Tl) of five divalent was determined. The embyos in the late blastula stage were exposure to various concentrations, for four days Cd, Cd+Mg, Cd+Zn, Cd+Mg+Zn; Ni, Ni+Mg, Ni+Zn, Ni+Mg+Zn; Co, Co+Mg, Co+Zn, Co+Mg+Zn; Mg, Mg+Zn; Zn, Zn+Mg. In this study, the Teratogenicity Index was found for Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn, Mg2+ 8.6, 24.4, 625, 7.9, 360, respectively. Results were shown us these divalent cations were strong teratogen. In these divalent, teratogenicity occur with lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, enzyme inhibition. In general, zinc and magnesium are known to decrease the probable toxic and carcinogenic effects of various chemicals. In this study, were seen that the static and increased concentration of zinc (40 microgram/L, 10, 100, 250, 500 micromol/L) and magnesium (40 mmol/L, 5, 50, 500,5000 micromol/L) decreased the ratio of death percent of Xenopus embryos (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.0001). There are several protective effects in body against the Xenobiotics. These effects are calcium regulation, metallothioneins (MTs), hot-shock protein, stress activated protein kinases, monooxigenase system, Glutation system and Vitamin E. In our opinion, these protective effect may increase with zinc and magnesium, Keywords: Embryo Teratogenesis, FETAX, Magnesium, Teratogenicity Index, Zinc. XXVI