The Effects of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A on Gamete Physiology on Bovine

SUMMARYAlkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) are used as non-ionic surfactants in variety of industrial, agricultiral and domestic products such as pesticides, detergents, paints and cosmetics. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in production of food containers, baby bottles, policarbonated plastics and epoxy resins and also used in composites and sealants in dentistry. These endocrine distrupters are bioacummulated in both aquatic and terrestrail organisms. Therefore, these compounds can reach to humanbeing through foodchains. These endocrine disurpters also called Xenoestogen have estrogenic, carsinogenic and toxic effects. NP and BPA exert their estrogenic effects by binding to estrogen receptors. BPA causes morphological and functional alterations in male and female genital tract and mammary glands. These alterations may reduce fertility, mammary and prostate cancer. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to determine the adverse effects of NP and BPA on sperm and oocytes. The effects environmentally relevant NP and BPA concentrations such as 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 ?g NP/ml or 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 ?g BPA/ml) were chosen. NP and BPA mediated abnormalities in sperm DNA and oocyte maturation were inviestigated. Tunel assay was employed to determine the adverse effects of NP and BPA on sperm DNA, whereas the effects of NP and BPA on oocyte maturation in TC-199 were tested. The present study demonstrated that 100 ?g NF/ml and 1 as well as 100 ?g BFA/ml concentrations induced apoptosis by causing DNA breaks in bovine sperm cells. This study also showed that 100 ?g NF/ml and 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10 and 100 ?g BFA/ml concentration inhibits oocyte maturation. It is concluded that NP and BPA have adverse effects on the integrity of sperm DNA and oocyte maturation.Keywords: Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, Tunel Assay, endocrine distruptors