Determination of neuroprotective properties of propolis against magnetic field toxicity in neuroblastoma cell line transformed into neuron-like cell culture

There is no systematic investigation of the cytotoxic and neurodegenerative effects of continuous magnetic field application in the literature. To better understand neurodegenerative features, the cytotoxic effects of extreme low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on differentiated neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line were explored in this work. The SH-SY5Y cell line was transformed into adult neuron-like cells using all-trans retinoic acid, and cell cycle analysis verified differentiation. To examine the toxicological effects of ELF-MF on transformed cells, a variety of ELF-MFs were used in cell culture. Furthermore, it was attempted to decrease the detrimental effects of the magnetic field on neuron cells by using propolis in a wide dosage range. The presence of chromosomal abnormalities following exposure was investigated using Hoechst 33258 staining. To establish the mechanism of cell death after exposure to ELF-MF, flow cytometry analysis for necrosis and apoptosis was done. DNA damage occurrences were identified utilizing the apurinic/apyrimidinic sites assessment assay to examine the mutation potential of ELF-MFs on neural cells. To correlate DNA damage caused by oxidative stress, researchers looked at the Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) factors. Magnetic fields of varying strengths were applied to cell cultures, resulting in necrotic cell death of 37.6%, 44.2 percent, and 48.2%, respectively. Additionally, after being exposed to ELF-MF, the buildup of DNA damage increased. In mature neuron-like cells, ELF-MF injection caused necrosis. In cell cultures exposed to ELF-MFs, cytotoxicity reduced and oxidative stress markers returned to near-normal levels after propolis treatment. These findings show that prolonged ELF-MF exposure can promote neurodegenerative illness in neuronal cells by increasing oxidative stress, nuclear mutations, and necrotic cell death. It has been discovered that using an antioxidant like propolis can help reduce magnetic field poisoning.