Assessment of metabolic syndrome and nutritional status of individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

This study was conducted to determine metabolic syndrome and nutritional status of individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients over the age of 18, who have been diagnosed with OSAS in Başkent University Ankara Hospital Sleep Disorders Center between June 2014 and December 2014 were included in this study. Epworth Sleepiness Scale that indicates state of sleepiness in the daytime before polisomnography and being applied routinely at the Sleep Disorders Center, and Berlin Survey that is used in community screening of OSAS were applied to these patients. Sleep parameters determined in polysomnography, biochemical findings, general habits, nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, energy and nutritional intakes, energy expenditures, and status of depression incidence of them were assessed. Nutritional status of individuals were determined with food consumption frequency. While 55 of 79 participents participated in the study were male (69.6%), 24 of them (30.4%) were female and 34.2% of participents were at the age of 50 or younger, 40.5% of them were between the ages of 51-60, and 25.3% of them were at the age of 61 or older. When it was analyzed in the study whether neck circumference, waist circumference, total fat percent and increase in abdominal and visceral adiposity are a risk factor for OSAS development or not, neck circumference, waist circumference, visceral and abdominal fat measurements together with BMI were seen to be correlated with parameters that indicates the severity of sleep apnea in males and females. These anthropometric measurements performed might be an indicator of severity of sleep apnea also. Of participants, metabolic syndrome was detected in 62.5% of females and 76.4% of male participents. While nutritional status of the patients were being assessed, when energy distribution of macronutrients was analyzed, energy percent coming from fat was high in females and males, and there were no difference between the groups by OSAS severity (p>0.05). When daily average cholesterol levels of patients with OSAS were analyzed, it was determined that it is over 200 mg for both genders and all age groups. When vitamin A,C,E that shows antioxidant activity intakes of individuals with OSAS were analyzed, it was determined that vitamin A and C intakes of females and males are sufficient or more in respect to severity of OSAS, and vitamin E intakes are sufficient also. Nutrients such as zinc and magnesium that has a cofactor role for antioxidative enzymes were assessed too. Zinc and magnesium intakes were determined as sufficient and more in females and males. In conclusion, rate of metabolic syndrome incidence is high in individuals with OSAS and life and nutrition styles of individuals stand out for development of metabolic syndrome components such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.