The relationship of death and beyond with the problem of evil: The example of Gazzali and Betrand Russell

The aim of this study is to distinguish between the problems of death and beyond and evil and to reveal them through the philosophies of Ghazali and Bertrand Russell, within the formula of religion and by benefiting from the resources of this field. For Ghazali, there is a new life and eternity beyond death, while according to Russell, death is the end of the road for man, there is nothing beyond death. In Ghazali's thoughts, all the integrated good and bad actions of man will be stored in eternal warehouses after death. Moreover, according to other places, all the evil that exists in the world has a purpose and the existence of evil is not a sign of the absence of God. In Russell's thoughts, all human actions, good and bad, will take place in the world, and their consequences will not be seen in another world, and they will not be held accountable for them. At the same time, for Russell, the existence of evil indicates that there is no God. However, Russell's ideas about God and beyond death are not absolute, and the thinker has always left the door open to a doubt that he might be wrong. While the relationship of death and beyond with the problem of evil in Ghazali's philosophy leads us to an absolute solution, in Russell's philosophy, the relationship of death and beyond with the problem of evil drags the issue into insolubility, stalemate and despair. In Ghazali's approach to the issue, a solution prevails, whether its validity is accepted or not. What dominates Russell's approach is uncertainty, pessimism and insolubility.